(a) Calculate the pH of a buffer that is 0.12 M in lactic acid and 0.11 M in sodium lactate. (b) Calculate the pH of a buffer formed by mixing 85 mL of 0.13 M lactic acid with 95 mL of 0.15 M sodium lactate.

Explanation:

Hydrocarbons are defined as organic compounds which are only made from carbon and hydrogen atoms.

There are mainly 3 types of hydrocarbons:

Explanation:

Alkanes are the hydrocarbons in which single bonds are present between the carbon atoms

The suffix for alkane hydrocarbons used is '-ane'. The rules to write the nomenclature of alkanes follows:

For the given options:

(a) 2,2-Dimethyl-6-ethylheptane

The longest possible carbon chain has 8 carbon atoms (prefix used is 'oct-') and not 7(prefix used is 'hept-').

Thus, the correct IUPAC name will be 2,2,6-trimethyloctane.

(b) 4-Ethyl-5,5-dimethylpentane

The longest possible carbon chain has 6 carbon atoms (prefix used is 'hex-') and not 5(prefix used is 'pent-').

Thus, the correct IUPAC name will be 4-isopropylhexane.

(c) 3-Ethyl-4,4-dimethylhexane

The substituents are not given the minimum possible number. Total sum of the number in original compound = [4 + 4 + 3] = 11

But, if both the methyl groups are placed at 3rd position, then total sum of the number = [3 + 3 + 4] = 10

Thus, the correct IUPAC name will be 4-ethyl-3,3-dimethylhexane

(d) 5,5,6-Trimethyloctane

The substituents are not given the minimum possible number. Total sum of the number in original compound = [5 + 5 + 6] = 16

But, if both the methyl groups are placed at 3rd position and 4th position, then total sum of the number = [3 + 3 + 4] = 10

Thus, the correct IUPAC name will be 3,3,4-trimethyloctane

(e) 2-Isopropyl-4-methylheptane

The longest possible carbon chain has 8 carbon atoms (prefix used is 'oct-') and not 7 (prefix used is 'hept-').

Thus, the correct IUPAC name will be 2,3,5-trimethyloctane

The structures of the compounds are attached below.

Explanation:

Isopropyl alcohol is the solvent used in whiteboard markers. When it comes into contact with the permanent marker, the solvent breaks the cohesive force between the ink molecules and the whiteboard by solubilising them (i.e. returning them to solution).

Answer:

It produces free energy.

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is a process which is used by the plant for producing energy in the form of ATP. This energy is used by the plants in different activities which enables the plant to grow and develop successfully. There are some factors which causes change in the rate of photosynthesis means the production of energy for the plant body. If the environmental factors are suitable, more energy is produced through the process of photosynthesis.

Answer:

See explanation and image attached

Explanation:

Alkenes undergo hydrogenation to give the corresponding alkanes. Where the structure of the original alkene is unknown, we can deduce the structure of the alkene from the structure of the products obtained when it undergoes various chemical reactions.

Now, the fact that we obtained 2-methylhexane upon hydrogenation and the two compounds had different heats of hydrogenation means that the two compounds were geometric isomers. The original compounds must have been cis-2-methyl-3-hexene and trans-2-methyl-3-hexene.

When reacted with HCl, the same compound C7H15Cl is formed because the stereo chemistry is removed.

However, we know that the trans isomer is more stable than the cis isomer hence the cis isomer always has a higher heat of hydrogenation than the trans isomer. Thus X is cis-2-methyl-3-hexene.

Fission, the splitting of uranium atoms, is the source of nuclear energy. This produces heat that creates steam, which a turbine generator uses to produce power. Nuclear power stations do not emit greenhouse gases since they do not burn fuel.

The energy found in an atom's nucleus, or core, is referred to as nuclear energy. All everything in the cosmos is made up of microscopic building blocks called atoms, and the nucleus is held together by energy. The compact nucleus of an atom has a tremendous amount of energy.

Atoms may generate enormous amounts of energy through two physical processes called fission and fusion. Through nuclear reactions, they produce millions of times more energy than conventional sources.

Nuclear fusion occurs in the sun and produces solar energy. In the sun's core, fusion happens when the protons of colliding hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium atoms.

Thus, Fission, the splitting of uranium atoms, is the source of nuclear energy.

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Answer:

21.2 g

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Step 2: Calculate the moles of Na₂CO₃ (solute) in the solution

We will use the definition of molarity.

C = moles of solute / liters of solution

moles of solute = C × liters of solution

moles of solute = 0.400 mol/L × 0.500 L = 0.200 mol

Step 3: Calculate the mass corresponding to 0.200 moles of Na₂CO₃

The molar mass of Na₂CO₃ is 105.99 g/mol.

0.200 mol × 105.99 g/mol = 21.2 g

Answer:

d. none of the above

Explanation:

An electrochemical cell consists of two half-cells, with each cell containing an electrode.

The potential of a single electrode in a half-cell is called the Single electrode potential.

The emf of a cell that consists of two half-cells can be determined by connecting them to a voltmeter.

However, there is no way of measuring the emf of a single half-cell directly.

The only way to determine the emf of a single electrode is to combine it with a standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) and measure it with a voltmeter.

Therefore, the correct option is D "none of the above"

An electrochemical cell consists of two half-cells, with each cell containing an electrode.

An electrochemical cell is a device that can generate electrical energy from the chemical reactions occurring in it, or use the electrical energy supplied to it to facilitate chemical reactions in it.

The potential of a single electrode in a half-cell is called the Single electrode potential.The emf of a cell that consists of two half-cells can be determined by connecting them to a voltmeter.

The only way to determine the emf of a single electrode is to combine it with a standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) and measure it with a voltmeter.

Hence the correct option is D.

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Answer:

1) Hydrolysis

2)Dehydration

3)Dehydration

4)Hydrolysis

Explanation:

Hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of substances by water and depends on the chemistry, solubility, pH, and the oxidation–reduction (Eh or redox) potential of compound

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/hydrolysis

With hydrolysis water will be a reactant, not a product, and is associated with breaking down substances. Hence 1 and 4 being a Hydrolysis reaction.

Dehydration on the other hand, is defined as :

In a dehydration reaction, either a hydroxyl group from one molecule combines with a hydrogen atom from the other molecule, or two hydrogen atoms from one molecule combine with an oxygen atom on the other molecule. In either case, water is released, and the two molecules are joined together.

https://www.albert.io/blog/dehydration-synthesis-ap-biology-crash-course/

Therefore it is associated with creating a bond of sorts, and water is a product, which is why 2 and 3 are dehydration.

Hope this helps!

The matching of the description with either a dehydration reaction or a hydrolysis reaction is as follows:

A Dehydration reaction may be defined as a type of chemical reaction that significantly involves the elimination or removal of water from the reactant molecules. In this type of reaction, water is definitely one of the products.

Hydrolysis reaction is just opposite to the dehydration reaction. It is also known as hydration reaction. It is a type of decomposition reaction that involves water as reactant. It is a type of chemical reaction in which a molecule of water stimulates and breaks one or more chemical bonds in the entire reaction.

Therefore, the matching of the description with either a dehydration reaction or a hydrolysis reaction is well described above.

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Answer: c potassium.

Explanation:

potassium is the most reactive metal among the given options.

D is absolutely wrong.

Answer:

Identify each of the following as endothermic or exothermic.

a. Water in a pond evaporates.

b. Methane gas burns on a stovetop.

c. Water freezes to form ice.

d. Energy flows from the system to the surroundings.

e. Energy flows from the surroundings to the system.

Explanation:

An exothermic reaction is the one in which heat energy is released.

An endothermic reaction is one in which heat energy is absorbed.

a. Water in a pond evaporates.

This process absorbs heat energy.

Hence, this is an example of an endothermic process.

b. Methane gas burns on a stovetop and release heat energy and hence this is an example of an exothermic reaction.

c. Water freezes to form ice.

In this process heat energy is released.So this is an example of exothermic reaction.

d. Energy flows from the system to the surroundings.

That means heat energy is released into the surroundings.

So, this is an example of exothermic process.

e. Energy flows from the surroundings to the system.

That means energy is absorbed by the system.

So, it is an endothermic process.

Answer and Explanation:

Humans are one of the organisms at the top of a food web. Other animals are Orcas, Lions, Raptors, and others. These animals are called Ape.x Predators, because they are at the top of the food web.

#teamtrees #PAW (Plant And Water)

Answer:

the correct answer is option C. Na

Answer:

[tex]1.84x10^{24}atoms[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to calculate the number of silver atoms in 330 grams of a silver bracelet by knowing 1 mole of silver has a mass of 108 grams and also contains 6.022x10²³ atoms; thus, the mathematical setup is shown below:

[tex]330g*\frac{1mol}{108g}*\frac{6.022x10^{23}atoms}{1mol}[/tex]

Which is equal to:

[tex]1.84x10^{24}atoms[/tex]

Regards!

Answer:

Given chemical reaction is:

HI(aq)+H2O(l)→ H3O+(aq)+I−(aq)

a. The Bronsted-Lowry ace is :_________

b. The Bronsted-Lowry base is :_________

c. The conjugate acid is :_________

d. The conjugate base is:________

Explanation:

According to Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory,

an acid is a substance, that is a proton donor.

A base is a proton acceptor.

The conjugate acid is formed from the base after gaining a proton.

The conjugate base is formed from the acid after losing a proton.

For the given reaction,

a. The Bronsted-Lowry acid is :__HI(aq)_______

b. The Bronsted-Lowry base is :_H2O(l)________

c. The conjugate acid is :___H3O+(aq)______

d. The conjugate base is:___I-(aq)_____.

Answer:

Explanation:

Bronsted -Lawry acid are hydrogen ion donators . Here HI  is Bronsted -Lawry acid.

HI   ⇄    H⁺   +   I⁻

Bronsted -Lawry base are those which can accept hydrogen ion .

I⁻  +  H⁺  ⇄   HI .

Conjugate acid -base pair are shown below .

          H₃O⁺        =        H⁺       +          H₂O .

conjugate acid                                    conjugate base .

( strong acid )                                       ( weak base )

Answer:

B. NH₃ (l) dissolves in water to form a solution

Explanation:

A solution is a uniform or homogenous mixture of two or more substances. The components of a solution are the solute and solvent. The solute is the substance that is being dissolved in another substance. The solvent is the substance which dissolves the solute.

Mixing the given solutes in water results innthe following:

A. Helium being an inert gas does not dissolve in water at all. Therefore, no solution is formed.

B. Liquid ammonia is very solution in water. When mixed with water, it dissolves in water to form aqueous ammonia solution. Aqueous ammonia is an alkaline solution of ammonia dissolved in water.

C. Silicon (iv) oxide, SiO₂, is a crystalline solid whichnis completely insoluble in water. Mixing it with water does not result in the formation of a solution.

D. Pentane, C₅H₁₂, is a liquid hydrocarbon substance which is insoluble in water. It does not mix with water to form a solution, rather it forms two separate immiscible layers of liquids.

Answer:

False. Intermolecular forces of attraction are important in holding large molecules together.

Explanation:

Within a molecule, atoms are held together by intramolecular forces. That is, intramolecular forces are the attractive forces that hold the atoms or ions that make up chemical substances (elements and compounds) together, forming a chemical bond.

On the other hand, intermolecular forces are those that act on different molecules or ions and that make them attract or repel each other. In other words, intermolecular forces are those that occur between the different molecules of a compound, and cause these molecules or ions to attract or repel each other.

So, intermolecular forces of attraction are important in holding large molecules together.

Answer:

1.40M = [N2O4]

Explanation:

Based on the reaction:

2NO2(g) ⇄ N2O4(g)

Kc is defined as:

Kc = 5.0 = [N2O4] / [NO2]²

Where [] are the concentrations in equilibrium of each gas

As the equilibrium concentration of NO2 is 0.53M:

5.0 = [N2O4] / [0.53]²

5.0 = [N2O4] / [0.2809]

5.0*0.2809 = [N2O4]

Answer:

For (a): The balanced net ionic equation is [tex]2Ag^{+}(aq)+S^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow Ag_2S(s)[/tex] and the sum of coefficients is 4

For (b): The balanced net ionic equation is [tex]Pb^{2+}(aq)+2Cl^{-}(aq)\rightarrow PbCl_2(s)[/tex] and the sum of coefficients is 4

For (c): The balanced net ionic equation is [tex]Ca^{2+}(aq)+CO_3^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow CaCO_3(s)[/tex] and the sum of coefficients is

For (d): The balanced net ionic equation is [tex]Ba^{2+}(aq)+2OH^{-}(aq)\rightarrow Ba(OH)_2(s)[/tex] and the sum of coefficients is 4

For (e): The balanced net ionic equation is [tex]Ag^{+}(aq)+Cl^{-}(aq)\rightarrow AgCl(s)[/tex] and the sum of coefficients is 3

Explanation:

Net ionic equation is defined as the equations in which spectator ions are not included.

Spectator ions are the ones that are present equally on the reactant and product sides. They do not participate in the reaction.

The balanced molecular equation is:

[tex]Na_2S(aq)+2AgNO_3(aq)\rightarrow 2NaNO_3(aq)+Ag_2S(s)[/tex]

The complete ionic equation follows:

[tex]2Na^{+}(aq)+S^{2-}(aq)+2Ag^+(aq)+2NO_3^{-}(aq)\rightarrow 2Na^+(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)+Ag_2S(s)[/tex]

As sodium and nitrate ions are present on both sides of the reaction. Thus, they are considered spectator ions.

The net ionic equation follows:

[tex]2Ag^{+}(aq)+S^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow Ag_2S(s)[/tex]

Sum of the coefficients = [2 + 1 + 1] = 4

The balanced molecular equation is:

[tex]2NaCl(aq)+Pb(NO_3)_2(aq)\rightarrow 2NaNO_3(aq)+PbCl_2(s)[/tex]

The complete ionic equation follows:

[tex]2Na^{+}(aq)+2Cl^{-}(aq)+Pb^{2+}(aq)+2NO_3^{-}(aq)\rightarrow 2Na^+(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)+PbCl_2(s)[/tex]

As sodium and nitrate ions are present on both sides of the reaction. Thus, they are considered spectator ions.

The net ionic equation follows:

[tex]Pb^{2+}(aq)+2Cl^{-}(aq)\rightarrow PbCl_2(s)[/tex]

Sum of the coefficients = [2 + 1 + 1] = 4

The balanced molecular equation is:

[tex]K_2CO_3(aq)+Ca(NO_3)_2(aq)\rightarrow 2KNO_3(aq)+CaCO_3(s)[/tex]

The complete ionic equation follows:

[tex]2K^{+}(aq)+CO_3^{2-}(aq)+Ca^{2+}(aq)+2NO_3^{-}(aq)\rightarrow 2K^+(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)+CaCO_3(s)[/tex]

As potassium and nitrate ions are present on both sides of the reaction. Thus, they are considered spectator ions.

The net ionic equation follows:

[tex]Ca^{2+}(aq)+CO_3^{2-}(aq)\rightarrow CaCO_3(s)[/tex]

Sum of the coefficients = [1 + 1 + 1] = 3

The balanced molecular equation is:

[tex]2NaOH(aq)+Ba(NO_3)_2(aq)\rightarrow 2NaNO_3(aq)+Ba(OH)_2(s)[/tex]

The complete ionic equation follows:

[tex]2Na^{+}(aq)+2OH^{-}(aq)+Ba^{2+}(aq)+2NO_3^{-}(aq)\rightarrow 2Na^+(aq)+2NO_3^-(aq)+Ba(OH)_2(s)[/tex]

As sodium and nitrate ions are present on both sides of the reaction. Thus, they are considered spectator ions

The net ionic equation follows:

[tex]Ba^{2+}(aq)+2OH^{-}(aq)\rightarrow Ba(OH)_2(s)[/tex]

Sum of the coefficients = [2 + 1 + 1] = 4

The balanced molecular equation is:

[tex]NaCl(aq)+AgNO_3(aq)\rightarrow NaNO_3(aq)+AgCl(s)[/tex]

The complete ionic equation follows:

[tex]Na^{+}(aq)+Cl^{-}(aq)+Ag^{+}(aq)+NO_3^{-}(aq)\rightarrow Na^+(aq)+NO_3^-(aq)+AgCl(s)[/tex]

As sodium and nitrate ions are present on both sides of the reaction. Thus, they are considered spectator ions.

The net ionic equation follows:

[tex]Ag^{+}(aq)+Cl^{-}(aq)\rightarrow AgCl(s)[/tex]

Sum of the coefficients = [1 + 1 + 1] = 3

Answer:

Acetic acid, carbonic acid and chlorous acid with calcium hydroxide

Ammonia with sulfuric acid

Explanation:

A buffer is an aqueous mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa.

Weak acids reacts with strong bases to produce the conjugate base. In the right amount, you can produce a buffer. In the same way, you can produce a buffer from the mixture of weak bases with strong acids.

In the problem, you have weak acids (acetic acid, carbonic acid, chlorous acid), one weak base (ammonia), one strong base (calcium hydroxide) and one strong acid (Sulfuric acid).

Thus, the mixtures that can produce a buffer are:

Acetic acid, carbonic acid and chlorous acid with calcium hydroxide

And:

Ammonia with sulfuric acid

Answer:

The polyoxometalates initially abstract the hydrogen of the alkane to form the alkyl radical and the reduced polyoxometalates. The reduced polyoxometalates subsequently react with nitric acid to produce the oxidized form and nitrogen dioxide.

Explanation:

Answer:

After being exposed to fire ant venom, crazy ants that were treated with formic acid has a significantly greater survival rate than those treated with a water-based control. In this experiment, these results suggested that:

Explanation:

That means formic acid increases its rate of survival.

So, formic acid acts in both ways as offensive and defensive ways to crazy ants.

Answer:

150

Explanation:

We can find the equivalent number of O₂ molecules for 100 molecules of CO₂ using a conversion factor containing the stoichiometric coefficients of the balanced reaction, as follows:

150 molecules of O₂ would produce 100 molecules of CO₂.

Answer:

[tex]Y=96.0\%[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, considering the reaction between silver nitrate and sodium bromide, whereby sodium nitrate and silver bromide are produced:

[tex]NaBr+AgNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+AgBr[/tex]

By bearing to mind the solubility rules, we infer the precipitate is silver bromide, whose moles are computed by using the molarity and volume of each reactant and then decide the correct value according to the limiting reactant:

[tex]n_{AgBr}=0.0350L*0.100molAgNO_3*\frac{1molAgBr}{1molAgNO_3}=0.00350mol AgBr\\\\n_{AgBr}=0.0450L*0.080molNaBr*\frac{1molAgBr}{1molNaBr}=0.0036molAgBr[/tex]

Thus, since sodium nitrate produces the smallest theoretical yield, we calculate the grams of silver nitrate precipitate by using the 0.00350 moles and its molar mass (187.77g/mol):

[tex]m=0.00350molAgBr*\frac{187.77gAgBr}{1molAgBr}=0.657g[/tex]

And finally the percent yield:

[tex]Y=\frac{0.631g}{0.657g}*100\%\\\\Y=96.0\%[/tex]

Regards!

Answer:

So, look up for electronegativity table

There's a continuum for deciding whether the bond is non-polar, polar, or ionic

If electronegativity difference is less than 0.4 it's non-polar

Explanation:

Pls vote my answer as brainliest

Answer:

1. Both

2. Phosphorylation

3. Both

4. Phosphorylation

5. Oxidative.

6. Both

Explanation:

Phosphorylation only occurs in chloroplast and it involves larger electrical component. Both Phosphorylation and oxidative occurs in mitochondria and it involves proton gradient. They occur in plants to produce ATP. Oxidative involves in smaller electrical component.

Photophosphorylation is a process that captures the solar energy from the sun to transform it into chemical energy. It occurs in the chloroplast of a plant cell.

Photophosphorylation is a process of converting solar energy from the sun to ATP needed by plants and other organisms for cellular function and activity. This process takes place in the chloroplast of the plant cell and requires electrical components.

Oxidative Phosphorylation is the process of producing ATP with the help of oxygen and enzymes hence, occurs in aerobic cells. It does not need a larger electrical component.

Both phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria of plants cells and involves a proton gradient for the formation of ATP.

Therefore, oxidative phosphorylation option 5. involves a smaller electrical component, phosphorylation option 2. occurs in the chloroplast, and option 4. needs a larger electrical component.

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Answer: blue

Explanation:

The colours from yellow to red indicate an acidic solution, colours blue to violet indicate alkali and green colour indicates that a solution is neutral.

Answer:

37.85 L

Explanation:

3.785 x 10.00 = 37.85 L

it would take 37.85 L  to fill a 10.00 tank

(sorry if im wrong pls dont report)

(hope this helps can i plz have brainlist :D hehe)

Answer:

Given molecule is CCl2F2.

What is the direction and magnitude of the net dipole of CCl2F2?

Explanation:

Dipole moment is a vector quantity.

The arrow end starts from a less electronegative atom and directs towards the more electronegative atom.

In the given molecule,

CCl2F2,

the central atom is carbon with sp3 hybridsation and there are no lone pairs on the central atom.

The molecule is tetrahedral but it is asymmetrical.

Because all the four bonded atoms are not same and there exists an electronegativity difference between F and Cl.

Hence, there exists a net dipole moment for the given molecule and the molecule is polar.

Answer:

has 5, ans 3 decimals.

thats as simple as i can put it.