A pump is used to extract water from a reservoir and deliver it to another reservoir whose free surface elevation is 200 ft above that of the first. the total length of pipes required is 1000 ft. All pipes are 12 in. in diameter and are made of galvanized iron with relative roughness equal to 0.0005 (you may assume fully-rough flow). the pump performance curves suggest that the H-Q relationship is of the form: H_pump=665-0.051Q^2 (Q in ft) the expected flow rate the brake horsepower required to drive the pump (assume an efficiency of 78%). the location of pump inlet to avoid cavitation (assume the required NPSH=25 ft).
Answer:
a) the expected flow rate is 31.4 ft³/s
b) the required brake horsepower is 2808.4 bhp
c) the location of pump inlet to avoid cavitation is -8.4 ft
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
free surface elevation = 200 ft
total length of pipe required = 1000 ft
diameter = 12 inch
Iron with relative roughness ( k/D ) = 0.0005
H[tex]_{pump[/tex] = 665-0.051Q² [Qinft ]
a) the expected flow rate
given that;
k/D = 0.0005
k/2R = 0.0005
R/k = 1000
now, we determine the friction factor;
1/√f = 2log₁₀( R/k ) + 1.74
we substitute
1/√f = 2log₁₀( 1000 ) + 1.74
1/√f = 6 + 1.74
1/√f = 7.74
√f = 1/7.74
√f = 0.1291989
f = (0.1291989)²
f = 0.01669
Now, Using Bernoulli theorem between two reservoirs;
(p/ρq)₁ + (v²/2g)₁ + z₁ + H[tex]_p[/tex] = (p/ρq)₂ + (v²/2g)₂ + z₂ + h[tex]_L[/tex]
so
0 + 0 + 0 + 665-0.051Q² = 0 + 0 + 200 + flQ²/2gdA²
665-0.051Q² = 200 + flQ²/2gdA²
665-0.051Q² = 200 +[ ( 0.01669 × 1000 × Q² ) / (2 × 32.2 × (π/4)² × 1⁵ )
665 - 0.051Q² = 200 + [ 16.69Q² / 39.725 ]
665 - 200 - 0.051Q² = 0.420138Q²
665 - 200 = 0.420138Q² + 0.051Q²
465 = 0.471138Q²
Q² = 465 / 0.471138
Q² = 986.97196
Q = √986.97196
Q = 31.4 ft³/s
Therefore, the expected flow rate is 31.4 ft³/s
b) the brake horsepower required to drive the pump (assume an efficiency of 78%).
we know that;
P = ρgH[tex]_p[/tex]Q / η
where; H[tex]_p[/tex] = 665 - 0.051(986.97196) = 614.7
we substitute;
P = ( 62.42 × 614.7 × 31.4 ) / ( 0.78 × 550 )
P = 1204804.6236 / 429
P = 2808.4 bhp
Therefore, the required brake horsepower is 2808.4 bhp
c) the location of pump inlet to avoid cavitation (assume the required NPSH=25 ft).
NPSH = ([tex]P_{atom[/tex] / ρg) - h[tex]_s[/tex] - ( P[tex]_v[/tex] / ρg )
we substitute
25 = ( 2116 / 62.42 ) - h[tex]_s[/tex] - ( 30 / 62.42 )
h[tex]_s[/tex] = 8.4 ft
Therefore, the location of pump inlet to avoid cavitation is -8.4 ft
Determine the voltage which must be applied to a 1 k 2 resistor in order that a current of
10 mA may flow.
Answer:
The correct solution is "20 volt".
Explanation:
Given that:
Current,
I = 10 mA
or,
= [tex]10\times 10^{-3} \ A[/tex]
Resistance,
R = 2 K ohm
or,
= [tex]1\times 10^3 \ ohm[/tex]
Now,
The voltage will be:
⇒ [tex]V=IR[/tex]
By putting the values, we get
[tex]=10\times 10^{-3}\times 2\times 10^{3}[/tex]
[tex]= 20 \ volt[/tex]
Water enters and leaves a pump in pipelines of the same diameter and approximately the same elevation. If the pressure on the inlet side of the pump is 30 kPa and a pressure of 500 kPa is desired for the water leaving the pump, what is the head that must be added by the pump
Answer:
The head added by the pump is approximately 51.8 meters
Explanation:
The given parameters of the water are;
The initial diameter of the pump ≈ The final diameter of the pump
The inlet side pressure, p₁ = 30 kPa
The intended outlet side pressure, p₂ = 500 kPa
The power of the pump, P = ρ·g·Q·H
Where, the pressure added by the pump, Δp = p₂ - p₁ = ρ·g·H
ρ = The density of the water ≈ 997 kg/m³
g = The acceleration due to gravity ≈ 9.81 m/s²
H = The head added by the pump
Therefore, we have;
500 kPa - 30 kPa = 997 kg/m³ × 9.81 m/s² × H
H = (500 kPa - 30 kPa)/(997 kg/m³ × 9.1 m/s²) ≈ 51.8 m
The head added by the pump, H ≈ 51.8 meters.
Reynolds Number.Typical values of the Reynolds number for various animalsmoving through air or water are listed below. For which cases is inertia of the fluid important? For which cases do viscous effects dominate? For which cases would the flow be laminar; turbulent? Explain.
Animal Speed Re
(a) large whale 10m/s 300,000,000
(b) tlying duck 20m/s 300,000
(c) large dragonfly 7m/s 30,000
(d) invertebrate larva 1mm/s 0.3
(e) bacterium 0.01mm/s 0.00003
Answer:
i) Cases with Important Inertia
Large whale ( a ) , Flying duck ( b ) , Large dragonfly ( c )
ii) Cases where viscous effects dominate
Invertebrate larva ( d ) , bacterium ( e )
iii) Cases where flow is Laminar ( cases where Re is < 2,100 )
Invertebrate larva ( d ), bacterium ( e )
iv) Cases where flow is turbulent ( case Re is > 2,100 )
Large whale (a) , Flying duck (b), Large dragonfly ( c ),
Explanation:
Reynolds number is the the ratio of Initial forces to viscous forces, hence cases with Large Reynolds number ( > 2100 ) have their inertial forces greater than viscous forces, therefore we can say the Inertia is more important , while cases with smaller Reynolds number ( < 2100 ) have the viscous forces greater than the inertial forces therefore in such case the viscous effect is more important
i) Cases with Important Inertia
Large whale ( a ) , Flying duck ( b ) , Large dragonfly ( c )
ii) Cases where viscous effects dominate
Invertebrate larva ( d ) , bacterium ( e )
iii) Cases where flow is Laminar ( cases where Re is < 2,100 )
Invertebrate larva ( d ), bacterium ( e )
iv) Cases where flow is turbulent ( case Re is > 2,100 )
Large whale (a) , Flying duck (b), Large dragonfly ( c ),
A classroom that normally contains 40 people is to be air-conditioned with window air conditioning units of 5-kW cooling capacityeach. A person at rest may be assumed to dissipate heat at the rate of about 360 kJ/hr.There are 10 light bulbs in the room,each with a rating of 100 W. The rate of heat transfer to the classroom through the walls and the windows is estimated to be 15,000 kJ/hr. Ifthe room air is to be maintained at a constant temperature, determine the number of window air conditioning units required.
Answer:
The correct answer will be "2".
Explanation:
Given:
Heat generated through wall,
= 15000 kJ/h
= [tex]\frac{15000}{3600}[/tex]
= [tex]4.17 \ KW[/tex]
Heat generated by bulbs,
= [tex]10(100) \ W[/tex]
= [tex]1000[/tex]
= [tex]1 \ KW[/tex]
Heat generated by people,
= [tex]40(360) \ KJ/h[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{14400}{3600}[/tex]
= [tex]4 \ KW[/tex]
Heat removed by 1 AC,
= 5 KW
Now,
The total increase in heat will be:
= [tex]4+1+4.17[/tex]
= [tex]9.17 \ KW[/tex]
hence,
The required number of AC will be:
⇒ [tex]5n=9.17[/tex]
⇒ [tex]n=\frac{9.17}{5}[/tex]
⇒ [tex]=1.83[/tex]
0r,
⇒ [tex]2[/tex]
The floor of a light storage warehouse is made of 6-in.-thick cinder concrete. The floor is a slab having a length of 16 ft and width of 14 ft.
A. Determine the resultant force caused by the dead load.
B. Determine the resultant force caused by the live load.
Explanation:
6/12 = 0.5ft
length = 16
width = 14
The volume of cinder concrete = 0.5 * 16 *14 = 112
the resultant force that is caused by the dead load
density of cinder concrete * volume
density is assumed to be 108
dead load = 108 * 112 = 12096 lb
resultant force caused by the live load
liveload = 125lb/ft2
= 125 * 14 * 16
= 28000 lb
What possible scenarios may happen if you do the task without using PPE?
State two factors that shows that light travels in a straight line
Explanation:
Light travels in straight lines
Once light has been produced, it will keep travelling in a straight line until it hits something else. Shadows are evidence of light travelling in straight lines. An object blocks light so that it can't reach the surface where we see the shadow.
Answer:
The two factors are Air and Object
Why is it important to use PPE in doing the task of upgrading a computer server?
Engineers design products or processes to meet desired needs. Your desired need or goal (hopefully) is to graduate with your Bachelor of Science degree in engineering. But what is the process you need to apply to be successful in achieving this goal?
What is An ampere is
Answer:
the SI base unit of electrical current.
Answer:
An ampere is the SI base unit of electrical current
A cylindrical buoy is 2m in diameter and 2.5m long and weight 22kN . The specific weight of sea water is 10.25kN/m^3 . (I) Show that buoy does not float with its axis vertical. (II). What minimum pull should be applied to a chain attached to the center of the base to keep the buoy vertical?
Answer:
[tex]GM<0[/tex]
So the bouy does not float with its axis vertical
Explanation:
From the question we are told that:
Diameter [tex]d=2m[/tex]
Length [tex]l=2.5m[/tex]
Weight [tex]W=22kN[/tex]
Specific weight of sea water [tex]\mu= 10.25kN/m^3[/tex]
Generally the equation for weight of cylinder is mathematically given by
Weight of cylinder = buoyancy Force
[tex]W=(pwg)Vd[/tex]
Where
[tex]V_d=\pi/4(d)^2y[/tex]
Therefore
[tex]22*10^3=10.25*10^3 *\pi/4(2)^2y\\\\\22*10^3=32201.3247y\\\\\y=1.5m[/tex]
Therefore
Center of Bouyance B
[tex]B=\frac{y}{2}=0.26m\\\\B=0.75[/tex]
Center of Gravity
[tex]G=\frac{I.B}{2}=2.6m[/tex]
Generally the equation for\BM is mathematically given by
[tex]BM=\frac{I}{vd}\\\\BM=\frac{3.142/64*2^4}{3.142/4*2^2*0.5215}\\\\BM=0.479m\\\\[/tex]
Therefore
[tex]BG=2.6-0.476\\\\BG=0.64m[/tex]
Therefore
[tex]GM=BM-BG\\\\GM=0.479m-0.64m\\\\GM=-0.161m\\\\[/tex]
Therefore
[tex]GM<0[/tex]
So the bouy does not float with its axis vertical
. (5 points) Based on the Reynolds number for each of the following objects, identify each flow as either inertial or viscous force dominant and in which cases the flows are laminar or turbulent. Flow Re A. A bee larva in honey 0.2 B. A ball tossed on Mars 500 C. An elderly driver on i95 1,2000,000
Answer:
Part A
The flow of the bee lava is inertia dominant and laminar
Part B
The flow of a baseball in Mars is inertia dominated and the flow is laminar
Part C
The flow of an elderly on i95 is viscous force dominated and turbulent
Explanation:
The Reynold's number when inertia is dominant is low, and the flow is laminar
When viscous force is dominant, the Reynold's number is high, and we have turbulent flow
The Reynold's number of laminar flow is Re < 2,000
The Reynold's of unstable or intermediate flow is 2,000 < Re < 4,000
The Reynold's number of turbulent flow is Re > 4,000
Therefore, we have;
Part A
The Reynold's number of a bee lava, Re = 0.2, therefore, the flow is inertia and laminar
Part B
The Reynold's number of the ball in Mars is Re = 500, therefore, given that the Reynold's number is less than 2,000, the inertia is dominant, and the flow is laminar flow
Part C
The Reynold's number of the driver on i95 = 1,200,000 which is larger than 4,000, therefore, the flow is viscous force dominated and the flow is turbulent.
You are the public relations director of a nonprofit hospital in a competitive market in a midsized city located in a metro area of 350,000 people. It is sweeps week for broadcast media. One of the stations is running a series on HIV/AIDS in the community. Recent segments have included those listed below.
The need for a confidential clinic
Homelessness related to HIV/AIDS
How persons living with HIV/AIDS suffer from being outcasts
How understanding has increased in some circles but prejudice remains in many.
An appealing case of a hemophiliac who acquired HIV/AIDS through transfusion at the university hospital has been reported in the series. The university and its teaching hospital are located elsewhere in the state.
At a staff meeting this morning, you learn that petitions are circulating in the community to request your hospital to convert its former nurses’ residence into a clinic and residential shelter for HIV/AIDS patients.
The hospital no longer maintains a school of nursing. The three-story brick building has been used for miscellaneous administrative purposes since nurses’ training was phased out. The residence is connected to the hospital by an elevated corridor, similar to a skywalk. It does not have facilities for food service or laundry. Nurses always ate at the hospital and the hospital handled their laundry. The residence and hospital are served by common systems for hot water, steam heat, ventilating and sewer. The building predates central air conditioning.
The human resources director reports that the business agent for kitchen and laundry workers, who are represented by a union, has already made informal contacts about this proposal, suggesting that grievances will result, at the very least, and a strike could ensue.
Your director of volunteers expresses concern about reaction of volunteers who now handle many peripheral duties.
Your physical plant supervisor, who lives in the neighborhood, says neighbors are already anxious over the possibility of HIV/AIDS patients in their vicinity.
Your hospital’s five-year Strategic Plan, which was recently updated, has no mention of developing an HIV/AIDS specialty.
Individual Assignment
For this assignment, you are to write a letter (using your own name) to the hospital CEO, John Dolman and the Board of Governors outlining your plan to resolve this issue.
Remember, that your letter will be made public to the other audiences and publics. In your recommendations, you should provide both long and short-term strategies that would solve this problem. To solve this problem you should note if additional resources or expenditures would be need to achieve the goals that you define.
When writing the letter you should provide a brief description of the problems, you have found. What are the facts about major issues? Identify facts about key players in the case, the business problem(s) and then rank order the critical issues. Consider relevant information and underlying assumptions. Finally provide your recommendations.
As you write your recommendations, think about the following;
How do the cultural values at the hospital relate to communication, technology, information flow and openness?
As the hospital goes forward, should it stick to the espoused culture or should it change? How would you recommend that they change?
How would you suggest that they resolve this disparity? In other words what should they do?
Provide specific suggestions that will help the organization as they go forward.
In the closing, highlight benefits of your recommendations. As a PR director, you need to be honest but tactful in your recommendations.
Remember
Carefully read the "case study" and type a letter that details your specific analysis and recommendations about how problem presented in case might be approached and solved.
This document should be formatted for reading ease, not a page of text. Make sure you use address it correctly, provide a date, headings, and bullet points as needed to make it easy to read.
Answer:
Following are the application to the given question:
Explanation:
To,
The Chief Operating Officer,
Maidan Hospitals, USA
02.10.2020
Subject: HIV/AIDS disease spreading control
Respected Mr Dolman,
The media as well as the individuals living in the area have indeed been notified again that the spread of Hiv / Aids must be regulated and managed immediately. A proper environment must be created artificially to heal this sickness and help stop it from spreading.
Its fight for the sickness ought to be a forward end to bring it through to the high levels instead of being fearful of disease. The disease also is seen in the hospital as it has grown via infusion so that the nursing staff must keep a check mostly on the issue frequently.
This position taken through distributing petitions in the community proposes that a small number of clinics must be established, as this could help to stop the disease from becoming spread. They have also seen that hospital nurses eat, sleep, washing dishes, etc. in such a single place.
To stop this same nursing staff that lives in the health facilities shortly, I suggest that perhaps it should be broken into combinations of 4 individuals and relocated to newly built hospitals, in which they can stay individually and retain hygiene, preserve the atmosphere, help educate, etc. Those who should be accountable. Each clinic and physicians visit every day to examine their clients.
Many patients might well be healed without great faith using these specific HIV/AIDS measures because all norms and laws are observed and mainly social distance is maintained of each patient. Its clinics, as well as the environment, must be sanitized but kept from outside so that the community members recover the confidence and trust of the health departments beforehand. More importantly, a regulatory body should be established that can monitor the operations properly, handle cash, etc. to run smoothly.
Here are a few of my suggestions and promise that it could be successful if it is kept & rigorously implemented.
Thank you and regards,
Joy Roy.
(PR. Director)
The statement that is correct about the relation between the velocity boundary layer and heat transfer for flow over a flat plate that is uniform in temperature is
Answer: the heat flux increases as the velocity boundary layer transitions to laminar to turbulent.
Explanation:
The correct statement about the relation between the velocity boundary layer and heat transfer for flow over a flat plate that is uniform in temperature is that the heat flux increases as the velocity boundary layer transitions to laminar to turbulent.
It should be noted that the heat goes in a streamline direction in a laminar flow, thereby the molecules less collide with each other. On the other hand, the direction is zig zag in a turbulent heat flux and this will bring about more collision of the molecules which leads to a rise in the heat flux.
Convert the following indoor air quality standards, established by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), from ppmv to mg/m3 (at 25°C and 1atm) or vice versa.
a. Carbon dioxide (CO2), 5,000 ppmv
b. Formaldehyde (HCHO), 3.6 mg/m^3
c. Nitric oxide (NO), 25 ppmv
Question
А
Particle of 2kg mass is being pulled across a smooth horizontal
surface by a horizontal force. The force does 24 Joule of work in
increasing
the particle's
velocity from 5m/s
to v m/s. calculate
the value of v and the position of particle
after 15s
Answer:
udhddhdiejebdidjebdhdidh
: Một nền kinh tế có cấu trúc như sau:
C = 80 + 0,8(Y - T); T = 100 ;
I = 130; G = 120;
MSr = MS/CPI = 200;
MD = 0,2Y – 10i
Yêu cầu:
1. Xác định thu nhập và lãi suất cân bằng?
2. Muốn sản lượng cân bằng tăng 500 thì chính phủ cần thay đổi thuế như thế nào?
3. Liệu mục tiêu ở câu 2 có thể đạt đựơc bằng chính sách tiền tệ hay không? Tại sao?
Answer:
Haha I'm a great guy but my friend has been in a day of the day and a lot to be able and I'm happy holi and a lot to the world of the day and day to
An aggregate blend consists of 65% of aggregate A and 35% of aggregate B. The bulk specific gravities of aggregate A and B are 2.45 and 3.25, respectively. What is the bulk specific gravity of the blend?
a) 2.45
b) 2.68
c) 2.73
d) 2.92
Answer:
2.68
Explanation:
Percentage by Mass of each Aggregate :
Pa = 65% ; Pb = 35%;
Bulk Specific gravity of each aggregate :
Ga = 2.45 ; Gb = 3.25
Gsb = (Pa + Pb) / (Pa/Ga + Pb/Gb)
Gsb = (65 + 35) / (65/2.45 + 35/3.25)
Gsb = (65 + 35) / 37.299843
Gsb = 100 / 37.299843
Gsb = 2.68
For laminar flow of air over a flat plate that has a uniform surface temperature, the curve that most closely describes the variation of the local heat transfer coefficient with position along the plate is
This question is incomplete, the missing diagram is uploaded along this answer below;
Answer:
from the diagram, the curve that most closely describes the variation of the local heat transfer coefficient with position along the plate is Option D
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
We write the expression for the local Nusselt number for Laminar flow over the flat plate;
Nu = [tex]C[/tex][tex](Re_x)^{0.5[/tex] [tex](Pr)^{1/3[/tex]
Nu = [tex]C(\frac{Vx}{v})^{0.5}[/tex] [tex](Pr)^{1/3[/tex]
[tex]\frac{h_xx}{k}[/tex] = [tex]C(\frac{V}{v})^{0.5}[/tex] [tex](Pr)^{1/3[/tex] [tex](x)^{0.5[/tex]
[tex]h_x[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{x^{1/2}}[/tex]
Next we write down the expression for the local heat flux from the plate with uniform surface temperature;
q = [tex]h_xA([/tex] T[tex]_s[/tex] - T∞ )
q ∝ [tex]h_x[/tex]
∴
q ∝ [tex]\frac{1}{x^{1/2}}[/tex]
The local heat flux decreases with the position as it is inversely proportional to the square root of the position from the leading edge and it will not be zero at the end of the plate.
Therefore, from the diagram, the curve that most closely describes the variation of the local heat transfer coefficient with position along the plate is Option D
Calculate the biaxial stresses σ1 and σ2 for the biaxial stress case, where ε1 = .0020 and ε2 = –.0010 are determined experimentally on an aluminum member of elastic constants, E = 71 GPa and v = 0.35. Also, determine the value for the maximum shear stress.
Answer:
i) σ1 = 133.5 MPa
σ2 = -2427 MPa
ii) 78.89 MPa
Explanation:
Given data:
ε1 = 0.0020 and ε2 = –0.0010
E = 71 GPa
v = 0.35
i) Determine the biaxial stresses σ1 and σ2 using the relations below
ε1 = σ1 / E - v (σ2 / E) -----( 1 )
ε2 = σ2 / E - v (σ1 / E) -------( 2 )
resolving equations 1 and 2
σ1 = E / 1 - v^2 { ε1 + vε2 } ---- ( 3 )
σ2 = E / 1 - v^2 { ε2 + vε1 } ----- ( 4 )
input the given data into equation 3 and equation 4
σ1 = 133.5 MPa
σ2 = -2427 MPa
ii) Calculate the value of the maximum shear stress ( Zmax )
Zmax = ( σ1 - σ2 ) / 2
= 133.5 - ( - 2427 ) / 2
= 78.89 MPa
For a pipe system with a pump (pumping uphill), the change in elevation is 400 feet and the total head loss is 408.5 feet. Assuming gage pressure at the entrance and exit and no difference in velocity between the entrance and exit, determine the total energy transferred to the water. Estimate the required power input if the pump efficie
Answer:
Explanation:
From the given information;
There is no change or any difference in velocity in between the inlet and the outlet.
Therefore by using Bernoulli's equation, we have:
[tex]\dfrac{V_1^2}{2g}+ \dfrac{P_1}{\gamma}+ z_1 + Epump= \dfrac{V_2^2}{2g}+ \dfrac{P_2}{\gamma}+ z_2+ H_L[/tex]
By dividing like terms on both sides, the equation is reduced to:
[tex]z_1 + E_{pump} = z_2+H_L \\ \\ E_{pump} =(z_2-z_1)+H_L[/tex]
where;
[tex]\Delta z = 400[/tex]
[tex]\Delta z = z_2-z_1[/tex]
[tex]\text{total head loss}= 408.5[/tex]
[tex]E_{pump} =(400)+408.5[/tex]
[tex]E_{pump} = 808.5 \ ft[/tex]
The required power input can be determined by using the formula:
[tex]P= \dfrac{\gamma_wQH_{pump}}{\eta}[/tex]
Assuming the missing pump efficiency = 70% and the flow rate Q= 1.34
Then:
[tex]P= \dfrac{62.40\times 1.34 \times 808.5}{0.7}[/tex]
[tex]P = \dfrac{96576.48 \ ft.lb/s}{550\dfrac{ ft*lb/s}{hp}}[/tex]
P = 175.594 hp
Which of the following is NOT part of a car's drive train?
A axle
B rotor
C differential
D transmission
Answer:
B. rotor
Explanation:
The correct answer Is rotor because the others are part of a cars drivetrain
The drive train system exists as a critical element of a vehicle and the transmission exists as an integral part of the drive train. B rotors NOT part of a car's drive train.
Which is not part of the drive train?A drive train exists not really a single part of your car – it's a set of drive train components that interact with the engine to drive the wheels and different regions of the vehicle to thrust it into motion. These components often contain the transmission, differential, driveshaft, axles, CV joints, and wheels.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B rotors.
To learn more about the part of a car's drive train
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Why become an Android programmer?
explain all the characteristics of computer
. En la facultad de Ingeniería Industrial se realizó una encuesta a 200 personas para saber que lenguaje de programación preferían para aprender al inicio, se obtuvo: 50 prefieren C, 65 prefieren C#, 77 prefieren Python, 100 prefieren C o C#, 105 prefieren C# o Python, 110 prefieren C o Python, 10 personas prefieren C y Python pero no C#.
Answer:
lalalalapumpe
Explanation:
Given below are the measured streamflows in cfs from a storm of 6-hour duration on a stream having a drainage area of 185 mi^2. Derive the unit hydrograph by the inverse procedure. Assume a constant baseflow of 550 cfs.
Hour Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
Midnight 550 5,000 19,000 550
6 am 600 4,000 1400
Noon 9000 3000 1000
6 pm 6600 2500 750
Answer:
33.56 ft^3/sec.in
Explanation:
Duration = 6 hours
drainage area = 185 mi^2
constant baseflow = 550 cfs
Derive the unit hydrograph using the inverse procedure
first step : calculate for the volume of direct runoff hydrograph using the details in table 2 attached below
Vdrh = sum of drh * duration
= 29700 * 6 hours ( 216000 secs )
= 641,520,000 ft^3.
next step : Calculate the volume of runoff in equivalent depth
Vdrh / Area = 641,520,000 / 185 mi^2
= 1.49 in
Finally derive the unit hydrograph
Unit of hydrograph = drh / volume of runoff in equivalent depth
= 50 ft^3 / 1.49 in = 33.56 ft^3/sec.in
What is the per capita GDP of China? Be sure to indicate the calendar year that this information represents.
The per capita GDP of China in the Calendar year 2021 was found to be around 12,359 U.S. dollars.
What is GDP?GDP termed Gross Domestic Product, has been evaluated with the value producing the economy of the region with the values added with the used products formed to be the less of the economy produced. It has been termed as the measure of the income of a region and not the wealth.
The per capita GDP has been the total income earned by a person in a region during a specified period of time. The calculation has been made by dividing the total gross income of the region by the total population.
China has been the world's most populous country in the East Asian region. It has been found that the per capita GDP of China is low because of its large population. In the calendar year 2021, the per capita GDP of China was 12,359 U.S. dollars.
Learn more about the GDP, here:
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A cylindrical rod of copper originally 16.0 mm in diameter is to be cold worked by drawing; the circular cross section will be maintained during deformation. A cold-worked yield strength in excess of 250 MPa and a ductility of at least 12% EL are desired. Furthermore, the final diameter must be 11.3 mm. Explain how this may be accomplished:
(1) show why it cannotbe realized by single drawing and (2) suggest proper procedures to fulfill the requirements.You will need to use following figuresto solve the problem.
Solution :
Given data:
Diameter of the copper cylindrical rod = 16 mm
Yield strength = 250 MPa
Calculating the percent cold work
[tex]$\text{Percentage Cold Work} = \frac{\pi\left(\frac{d_0}{2}\right)^2-\pi\left(\frac{d_d}{2}\right)^2}{\pi\left(\frac{d_0}{2}}\right)^2} \times 100$[/tex]
[tex]$ = \frac{\pi\left(\frac{16}{2}\right)^2-\pi\left(\frac{11.3}{2}\right)^2}{\pi\left(\frac{16}{2}}\right)^2} \times 100$[/tex]
= 50% CW
Therefore, at [tex]50\% \ CW[/tex], the yield strength of copper will be of the order of 330 MPa.
The ductility will be 4% elongation (EL).
Rather than performing drawing in single operation, we draw some of the fraction of total deformation, and then the anneal them to recrystallize and also finally w do cold work on the material for the second time to achieve its final diameter, ductility and yield strength.
[tex]21\% \ CW[/tex]is required for a yield strength of [tex]250 \ MPa[/tex]. Similarly, a maximum of [tex]23\% \ CW[/tex] is required for[tex]12\% \ EL[/tex].
The average of the two values is [tex]22\% \ CW[/tex]. To achieve both the [tex]\text{specified yield strength and ductility,}[/tex] the copper should be deformed to[tex]22\% \ CW[/tex]. The[tex]\text{ final diameter}[/tex] after the first drawing and the initial diameter for the second drawing is [tex]$d_0'$[/tex] , then
[tex]$22\% \ CW = \frac{\pi\left(\frac{d_0'}{2}\right)^2-\pi\left(\frac{11.3}{2}\right)^2}{\pi\left(\frac{d_0'}{2}}\right)^2} \times 100$[/tex]
[tex]$d_0'=\frac{11.3}{\sqrt{1-\frac{22\% \ CW}{100}}}$[/tex]
[tex]$d_0'=12.8 \ mm$[/tex]
What is the key objective of data analysis
Answer: The process of data analysis uses analytical and logical reasoning to gain information from the data. The main purpose of data analysis is to find meaning in data so that the derived knowledge can be used to make informed decisions.