easy explanation of what aklilu lemma institute of pathobiology does

Oceans

Composed of salt water, oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface, and, in reality, are one “World Ocean” that we’ve broken up into five smaller divisions. They are, in descending order by size, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (or Antarctic), and Arctic. These are what we might term political or horizontal divisions, rather than physical or biological vertical divisions. Since the 1700s, there have been many mentions of some sort of southern ocean and recently, attempts have been made to formalize the Southern Ocean, given the importance of ocean currents. The Southern Ocean has the strongest and longest current in the world which circumvents Antarctica.

Seas

Next up in size are seas. A sea is also made up of salt water, and is a large body of water entirely or partially surrounded by land. This isn’t to be confused with “the sea” which is generally how people refer to the collection of oceans. It’s a matter of specificity: if you’re not being specific, you might take a holiday by the sea. If you are being specific, you might sail across the Mediterranean Sea or the Pacific Ocean. But you wouldn’t go to the Pacific Sea.

A few seas would be the Mediterranean, Bering, Norwegian, Arabian, and so on. You’ll notice that these are often just bits of the ocean that are mostly surrounded by land that we’ve named. The Caspian Sea is sometimes classified as a salt lake, although it’s quite large.

Wetlands and Deltas

Now before we move inland to talk about lakes, let’s first discuss wetlands and deltas. A delta is where a river meets the ocean, or sometimes a lake. Usually, the river fans out as it approaches sea level. They’re formed when a river carries a certain amount of sediment at a higher rate and when it reaches a stagnant body of water, it forms a delta.

small streams of water flow from inland toward the ocean

A wetland is different from a delta, although wetlands often form near the shore. Wetlands form unique ecosystems that are inundated by water and contain an especially high degree of aquatic plants. Wetlands have been considered the most biologically diverse ecosystem.

Lakes

Okay, back to more traditional bodies of water. Lakes are the next largest after seas. A lake is always landlocked, meaning it’s completely surrounded by land, except for a river that feeds or drains the lake. Apparently, scientists can’t decide on a specific differentiation between lakes and ponds, so generally, we go by size: lakes are bigger. It depends on who you ask, but some people will say that a lake is a body of water that’s 5+ acres in surface area, or up to 99+ acres in surface area. Almost exclusively, lakes are freshwater, unlike seas, bays, harbors, or anything that’s made up of sea water.

Lakes are formed for different reasons. Most often, lakes were formed (we think) by retreating glaciers that carved up the land. Sometimes they’re formed by the movements of tectonic plates. If you want to learn more about tectonic plates, check out our video on them!

A fun type of lake is the oxbow lake. This is formed when a meandering river (which usually occurs in a low-lying plain) bends back on itself forming a U or horseshoe. The edges continue to erode, and eventually, the stream meets itself again, and the running water bypasses the loop and continues on the shorter route. This leaves the water in the loop to form a lake. In Australia, they call them billabongs.

Ponds

Still going down the list in size we have ponds next. These are freshwater and are often manmade. They’re formed in a variety of different ways and include koi ponds and other aesthetic purposes, as well as uses for farming.

Of course, there are many other types of bodies of water, such as fjords, wadis, runs, subglacial lakes, reservoirs, lagoons, kills, etc. But sadly, we don’t have time to talk about all of those right now so you’ll have to go research them on your own!

The Boiling River

But I promised you I’d talk to you about the boiling river! Legend has it that when the Spanish conquistadors went into the Amazon rainforest in search of gold, few returned. Those that did told horror stories of man-eating snakes, diseases, dangerous creatures, and a river that boiled. Hundreds of years later, a young Peruvian named Andrés Ruzo grew up hearing these tales and was determined to find this river. He eventually worked for National Geographic and would spend years researching and talking to locals about the boiling river. Mostly, he was laughed at for chasing old legends. But eventually, deep in the rainforest, he finally found the boiling river, with the help of the local guardian shaman. So yes, it does exist, although “boiling” is a bit hyperbolic. It is, however, huge, extremely hot, quite long, and non-volcanic. It’s classified as a “thermal river” and isn’t actually any hotter than other thermal bodies of water.

Hope this was helpful!

Answer:

7. D

that's all I can help you with

The products of the decomposition are hydrogen [tex]H2[/tex] and oxygen [tex]O2[/tex] is [tex]H2O2[/tex]. Many cells make and use an enzyme, called catalyze to facilitate the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

What are enzymes?

Enzymes are the biological catalyst that speed up the chemical reaction that carries out in the body. Enzymes has been protein by nature and there has number of the enzymes present in our body such as salivary amylase, pepsin, renin, lyases, lygases etc.

The main function of the enzyme has to make the metabolism fast as well as speed up the chemical reaction carried out in the body.

Therefore, The products of the decomposition are hydrogen [tex]H2[/tex] and oxygen [tex]O2[/tex] is [tex]H2O2[/tex]. Many cells make and use an enzyme, called catalyze to facilitate the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

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The cell takes energy from oxygen and glucose creating water and carbon dioxide

The waxy protective covering of a leaf is cuticle

What is cuticle in plants ?

The exterior surfaces of the major organs of all vascular land plants have a covering of lipid polymers impregnated with waxes called the plant cuticle. Additionally, it can be found in mosses' sporophyte and gametophyte generations as well as in the sporophyte generation of hornworts. By treating plant tissue with enzymes like pectinase and cellulase, the cuticle of the plant can be isolated intact and forms a cohesive outer covering of the plant.

The waxy protective covering of a leaf is cuticle

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They share the same kind of plate boundaries, but there is one difference.

As the Earth's crust is folded and forced upward along convergent plate boundaries, such as the one between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, towering mountain ranges, like the Himalaya, are formed.

What kind of plate boundary crosses the Tonga trench and Chile?

This kind of convergent plate boundary produces some of the most well-known ocean trenches. The oceanic crust of the Nazca plate subducts into the continental crust of the South American plate, creating the Peru-Chile Trench off the west coast of South America.

Explain each of the three types of plate boundaries.

1) convergent boundary: When plates move in the same direction, they create a convergent boundary. 2) Divergent boundary: When plates deviate from one another, a divergent boundary is created. 3, the transform border.

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From the dating procedure, the earth have been found to be around 5.6 billion years of age based on the evidence from the meteorites and the rocks.

What is the age of the earth?

The age of the earth have been one of the greatest sources of controversy. This is because the evidences that have been used to make the inferences about the age of the earth have been mostly made up of  indirect evidences. Most of the indirect evidences that we have gathered have come from the dating of the rocks and the meteorites.

Recall that the rocks are the solid masses that could be found in the outermost portion of earths crust. The meteorites come into our universe from the moon and are also useful for the process of  dating.

As such, the oldest known earth rocks are 5.6 billion years old. Some moon rocks and meteorites have been dated as being 5.6 billion years old.

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B. It shouldn’t allow the growth of disease it should protect you

Answer: B.
Allow growth of disease-causing bacteria because the rest (A. C. and D.) are functions of bacteria except for allowing growth of disease-causing bacteria (B). It shouldn’t allow it, it should protect you. So it’s B.

Telophase  stage of the mitotic cell cycle would the cell be stuck in

What is Telophase ?

The fifth and final stage of mitosis, known as telophase, is when a parent cell's replicated genetic material is split into two identical daughter cells. Once the duplicated, paired chromosomes have been split apart and brought to the cell's poles, or opposite sides, telophase has begun. To isolate the nuclear DNA from the cytoplasm, a nuclear membrane develops around each set of chromosomes during telophase. The chromosomes start to uncoil, becoming less compact and dispersed. The cell goes through a process known as cytokinesis, which separates the cytoplasm of the parental cell into two daughter cells, along with telophase.

Telophase  stage of the mitotic cell cycle would the cell be stuck in

In Telophase nuclear envelope reform and then cytokinesis occur

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Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs within the cytoplasm of a cell that function in several different ways. In mature plant cells, vacuoles tend to be very large and are extremely important in providing structural support, as well as serving functions such as storage, waste disposal, protection, and growth.

The chromosomes condense as the nuclear membrane begins to disappear during prophase, the first phase of cell division.

What stage does chromosomal condensation begin?The process of cell division is classified into 4 stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.The cell starts to prepare itself to separate the chromatids and divide during prophase, the initial stage of mitosis. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate during prophase, and the chromosomes condense. At the cell's opposing poles, the centrioles and spindle fibers start to develop.The parent cell's chromosomes, which were duplicated during S phase, condense and get much smaller than they did during interphase during prophase.The prophase is the beginning of the cell division process, which is characterized by the condensation of chromosomes and the disappearance of the nuclear membrane.

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D, Aphelion is furthest from the sun, Operihelion is closest to the sun. Apoapsis happens when an object is farthest away from the body it is orbiting, periapsis is the smallest radial distance of an ellipse, perihelion is when an object is closest to the body it is orbiting, so the answer would be D since it’s closest, furthest. Aphelion means furthest away from the sun.

Cells become specialized when Genetically identical cells undergo differentiation to alter gene expression.

When cell differentiated into specialized form it is needed to manipulate only those genes that will be expressed .During the development of an organism, cells differentiate into many types of cell. A differentiated cell has become different from the embryonic cell that produced it, & specialized to perform certain tasks some examples includes photosynthesis , relaxation and contraction .

Cell specialization occurs mainly through gene expression . Gene expression is defined as specific combination of gene that are turned off and on for cell to function .

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The birds in the population that will have the highest fitness will be the ones having larger, thicker beaks.

The theory of natural selection states that organisms that have better adaptations to survive in an environment are able to survive and pass on their characteristics to their offspring.

In the case above, the larger, thicker-beaked birds have a higher level of fitness when the conditions in the place change and there are only large seeds remaining. As a result, the larger, thicker-beaked birds will be able to survive and pass on their characteristics to the offspring.

Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:

A population of birds, with various size beaks, eats seeds. small seeds can be eaten by birds with small beaks. larger, thicker seeds can only be eaten by birds with larger, thicker beaks. suppose there is a shortage of small seeds but that there are still many large seeds. Which birds in this population have the highest fitness?

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1. Tobacco smoke is an indoor pollution I’ve been exposed to in my home, the most surprising pollutant in my home is the cooking stoves, the gases from the stove makes it a pollutant. Maybe using crockpots, air cookers, or eating more “ready to eat” foods like fruits or veggies, deli meats, etc. No one is responsible for the pollution, I need to eat.

Unlike the IQ, your emotional intelligence (EQ): (B) may be improved over time by becoming more mindful.

IQ is the Intelligence Quotient of a person. The IQ of a person is analyzed by performing certain standard tests. In terms of psychologists, IQ is the measure of fluid and crystallized intelligence. A person with high IQ has more reasoning and problem-solving abilities.

Mindfulness is the ability of a person to completely focus on the current task. It is the state of being fully aware about the the surroundings and with one self. This ability can be achieved and enhanced using meditation.

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Saltatory propagation occurs in myelinated axons, in which action potentials from one Ranvier node to another.

What is saltatory propagartion?

In neuroscience, saltatory conduction ( Latin meaning - jump') is the propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one node of Ranvier to the next node, increasing the conduction velocity of the action potential.

How does saltatory conduction increase the speed of the action potential?

By causing the depolarization process to leap from one node to the next, saltatory conduction not only accelerates the transmission of impulses but also conserves energy for the axon by limiting depolarization to the nodes rather than the entire length of the nerve fiber, as in unmyelinated fibers.

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Answer: D.

Explanation:
In the process of photosynthesis plants absorb the energy through the chloroplast (chlorophyll) and then the energy its transferred to electrons.

Polycystic kidney disorder (PKD) in Persian cats is an example of an autosomal dominant trait. a girl with polycystic kidney disease (an autosomal dominant ailment) is watching for a toddler.

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited sickness in which clusters of cysts broaden mainly within your kidneys, causing your kidneys to enlarge and lose characteristics over time. Cysts are noncancerous round sacs containing fluid. The cysts range in length, and they can develop very massive.

Polycystic kidney ailment (PKD) is a genetic disease that reasons cysts to grow inside the kidneys, which could disrupt functioning. health complications include excessive blood stress and kidney failure. most of the people with PKD will eventually want dialysis or a kidney transplant. PKD influences about 500,000 human beings within the U.S.

The sickness can reason extreme headaches, which include high blood stress and kidney failure. PKD varies significantly in its severity, and a few complications are preventable. way of life modifications and treatments would possibly assist lessen harm in your kidneys from complications.

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Steroid hormone are hormone whose receptor will be inside the cell and Protein hormones have their receptor on the cell membrane

Contrary to steroid hormones, which are lipid in composition and can easily enter the cell, proteinaceous signaling molecules must have their receptors anchored in the plasma membrane since proteins cannot cross the membrane. The receptor for protein hormones is membrane-associated and embedded in the plasma membrane of the cell's surface. When a hormone interacts with a receptor, a series of secondary effects are frequently triggered in the cell's cytoplasm.

These effects can include the phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of numerous other cytoplasmic proteins, modifications to ion channel permeability, or elevated levels of intracellular molecules that may serve as secondary messengers. Target cells include steroid hormone receptors on their plasma membrane as well as in their cytoplasm and nucleus. They are typically nuclear or cytoplasmic intracellular receptors that start signal transduction for steroid hormones and cause changes in gene expression over the course of hours to days.

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Answer:

Leaf area development, photosynthetic rate, and source-sink ratio responses are considered to be the three main determinants of photosynthetic activity.

Different growth habits on leaf number and blade size are identified as a result of leaf area development in response to stress.

Thus, Option D is correct.

Photosynthesis: 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂

Respiration: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + ATP

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are complement reactions to each other. These are reverse reactions. In cellular respiration glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂) yield carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) and energy is released in the form of ATP. In the opposite reaction - in photosynthesis, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) yield glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂).

Explanation:

Why is photosynthesis affected by temperature?

The rate of photosynthesis is influenced by temperature. As the temperature rises, photosynthesis proceeds more quickly. This is so because photosynthesis is a chemical reaction, and warmth usually speeds up chemical reactions.

As winter draws near, leaves begin to lose their chlorophyll, and the tree saves its contents for recycling, namely nitrogen, magnesium, and phosphates. The nutrients are transferred from the leaves back into the branches and are then deposited in the bark of those branches.

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Answer:

the endodermis

Explanation:

Answer: B! Celebrating our country's independence on the 4th of July

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All babies breathe when they're born, unless there was a birth problem, just like the rest of the living people.

Celebrating out country's independence on the 4th of July can be taught by parents, schools, and anyone.

Gull Chicka pecking a red spot on parent's bill to get food is only to get fed. Think of it sort of like a mother's instinct.

A disability caused by a genetic defect- come on this one is obvious.

Evolutionary Adaptation refers to the changes in phenotypic features associated with fitting an environment. Symbiotic relationships represent a form of evolutionary adaptation because these associations may shape the evolution of species.

What does Evolutionary Adaptation mean?

Evolutionary Adaptation is the process by which species change to fit an environment, which is associated with differential reproduction and survival across time, i.e., natural selection. Symbiotic relationships are related to this process because it increases the fitness of species.

Therefore, we can conclude that Evolutionary Adaptation is a process in which species change over time to fit an environment, which may be due to Symbiotic relationships.

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Granite soils in foothills and plains that are decomposing. Even when dried, locoweed is deadly at all times.

How can locoweed prevent self-poisoning?
The enzyme alpha-mannosidase, which is necessary for normal sugar metabolism in cells, is inhibited by the indolizide alkaloid swinsonine, which is present in all parts of the plant.

How can I remove locoweed?
The most effective method of reducing locoweed is foliar sprays, which penetrate through the leaves to the roots. The most typical method of treating locoweed is a mixture of picloram and 2,4D. A kind of weevil has just been shown to be able to consume the roots of plants and eradicate weeds.

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The bone structure is highlighted  a rounded ridge, located on the posterior side of the femoral head runs aslant from the summit of the greater trochanter.

What are bones?

Bones are defined as a metabolically active connective tissue that serves as structural support, aids in movement, and protects vital organs.

It can also be defined as rigid body tissue made up of cells embedded in a dense intercellular matrix.

There are four types of bone.

Long boneShort boneFlat boneIrregular bone

Thus, the bone structure is highlighted  a rounded ridge, located on the posterior side of the femoral head runs aslant from the summit of the greater trochanter.

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Birds and flowers differ genetically and are, therefore, different in the arrangements of their nucleotide bases. Option A.

DNA sequence of organisms

All living organisms have DNA as their molecule of hereditary. The DNA of all living organisms is similar in terms of components.

Every DNA contains:

nucleotide bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.deoxyribose sugarphosphate group

What makes each living organism unique is the arrangement of the nucleotide bases. The nucleotide bases form complementary pairs in the DNA double helix structure.

In other words, two organisms of different species may have the same composition in terms of their DNA, what makes them unique is the arrangement of the nucleotide bases in their DNAs.

Hence, birds and flowers have different arrangments of their DNA bases because they are different in terms of species.

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Answer:

because rivers provide easy shipping routes to transportation of goods and people.

Rivers provide great and practical transportation channels for goods, people, and cargo.

Goods can easily be transported up and down waterways rather than on congested roadways. The land is immensely fruitful in river valleys.

Rivers are valued as essential food sources, modes of transportation, defensive positions, and natural habitats. Sharks and other fish species that reside in the water are the sources of the cod liver oil and shark liver oil we consume. These oils offer a variety of advantages.

The closeness of large cities to the sea has contributed to their expansion.

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A biome is a collection of various ecosystems that are present inside a habitat, whereas an ecosystem is made up of both living and nonliving components.
A biome contains an ecosystem, which is much smaller than a biome.

Biome:

The biome is made up of many different ecosystems and spans a considerable portion of the earth.Climate elements like snow, ice, temperature, and rainfall are all part of a biome.biomes are impacted by latitude.Various ecosystems are found in biomes .Examples include tundra, taiga, tropical rainforests, grasslands, deserts, and coniferous woods.

Ecosystem:

The link between the earth's nonliving and livable components is known as an ecosystem.The ecosystem is unaffected by climate variables.The latitude has no effect on the ecosystem.Both biotic and abiotic elements make up the ecosystem.Examples include freshwater, coral reefs, aquatic environments, and hydrothermal vents.

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Answer:

At high concentrations, alcohols reduce bilayer stability (12, 21) and break down the lipid bilayer barrier properties, causing increased ion permeability (14, 15).

Explanation:

As the ethanol concentration increases, membrane permeability will increase. If the ethanol concentration is high enough, enough phospholipids will dissolve to cause the plasma membrane to disintegrate completely which will kill the cell.

Explanation:

At high concentrations, alcohols reduce bilayer stability (12, 21) and break down the lipid bilayer barrier properties, causing increased ion permeability.