in the tftp protocol: if the client changes its port number on a subsequent connection, but the server does not, what prevents an old-duplicate data packet sent by the server from being accepted by the new client? if the server changes its port number on a subsequent connection, but the client does not, what prevents an old-duplicate din an rpc-like protocol in which multiple requests can be outstanding, and replies can be sent in any order: assume that requests are numbered and that ack[n] acknowledges reply[n]. should acks be cumulative? if not, what should happen if an ack is lost?ata packet sent by the server from being accepted by the new client?

Answers

Answer 1

The TCP transmit buffer is not cleaned if an ACK is lacking. This makes perfect sense given that the stack could need to relay the data again.

The next block of data cannot be put into the stack until an ACK is received if the amount of data in the TCP transmit buffer is larger than half the buffer size. The sender resends the same packet if the ACK does not get there before the timeout. Go-Back-N In the ARQ protocol, the sender constantly sends a certain number of packets (defined by the size of the transmission window) without waiting for the receiver to respond with an ACK signal. TCP has the ability to retransmit lost packets. The second transmission reconstructs the data stream by picking up dropped packets.

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Related Questions

What year was the first edition of Photoshop released?

Answers

Answer:

1990

Explanation:

Photoshop 1.0 was officially released in February 1990 and was the first time the software was made available to the public as a standalone product (rather than bundled with a Barneyscan scanner). It was also the first time the software was released commercially with the brand name Adobe Photoshop.

Answer:

February 1990

Explanation:

Photoshop 1.0 was officially released in February 1990 and was the first time the software was made available to the public as a standalone product (rather than bundled with a Barneyscan scanner). It was also the first time the software was released commercially with the brand name Adobe Photoshop.

how can data be organized when electronic note-taking tools are used? check all that apply. exclude all publication information. highlight found material you want to record. copy and paste it into a document in the appropriate folder. record all major ideas from various sources in one folder. set up a folder on your hard drive with subfolders for major sections.

Answers

The way that data can be organized when electronic note-taking tools are used is option C and D:

Record all major ideas from various sources in one folderSet up a folder on your hard drive with subfolders for major sections.

What is data organization about?

The process of arranging raw data in a form that makes sense is known as data organization. Classification, frequency distribution charts, image and graphical representations, among other methods, are used to organize data. Data organization enables us to arrange the information so that it is simple to read and use.

The "Big 3" note-taking and file-everything tools are Evernote, Microsoft OneNote, and Go ogle Keep. Each one has unique advantages and disadvantages. However, all three can assist you in quickly capturing and organizing your thoughts, notes, site information, and more.

Therefore, Organizations can more efficiently identify the root of issues thanks to data. Organizations can use data to visualize connections between events occurring in various places, departments, and systems.

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A post made to your favorite social media application 5 years ago can add information to your digital footprint.

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Anything you search, or post, etc, is added to your digital footprint.

consider a point-to-point link 4 km in length. at what bandwidth would propagation delay (at a speed of 2 × 108 m/ s) equal transmit delay for 512-byte packets?

Answers

The bandwidth at which the propagation delay would equal transmit delay for 512-byte packets is equal to 204800 Kbps.

As the value for the speed of transmission is given in meters/second, we first convert the length of the point-to-point link into meters;

length of the point-to-point link = 4km = 4 × 1000 = 4000m

The given speed of transmission is 2 × 10^8 m/s, so the propagation delay could be calculated as follows;

propagation delay = length of the point-to-point link ÷ speed of transmission

propagation delay = 4000 / 2×10^8

propagation delay = 0.00002

As 512 bytes = ( 512 × 8 )bits = 4096 bits

Transmission delay = 4096 bits / (x) bits/sec

If propagation delay is equal to transmission delay;

4096 / (x) bits/sec = 0.00002

4096 = (x) bits/sec (0.00002)

x = 4096 / 0.00002

x = 204800000 bits / sec

As;

1000 bits / sec = 1 Kbps

204800000 bits / sec = 204800 Kbps

Hence, the bandwidth at which the propagation delay would equal transmit delay for 512-byte packets is calculated to be 204800 Kbps.

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8. a priority queue (pq) is an abstract data type (adt) consisting of a set of elements of type record, where one of the fields is priority. the operations associated with this adt are:

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A priority queue is an abstract data type used in computer science that is similar to a conventional queue or stack data structure but includes an additional priority attribute for each entry.

An item with a high priority is served before an item with a low priority in a priority queue. A unique kind of queue called a priority queue has elements that are each assigned a priority value. Additionally, elements are treated according to their priority. In other words, more important factors come first. When two items with the same priority come up, they are handled in the order they appear in the queue. Priority queue can be used to implement Dijkstra's method effectively when the graph is stored as an adjacency list or matrix.

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you are the supervisor of a twenty-member team. your goal is to increase collaboration with the use of technology. to accomplish this goal, you would most likely use which type of program to create and edit content?

Answers

The leader of a group of twenty people. Creating new or better products, service, or procedures.

What distinguishes a programme from a programme?

The correct spelling of "programme" in American English. The much more typical spelling for the word "programme" in Australian & Canadian English. Although programme was frequently used in computing contexts, programme is the correct term for British English.

How do you define "programme"?

A computer executes a collection of instructions program is a sequence to carry out a certain task. [Computing] The larger a computer algorithm is, the more likely it is to make errors.

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give the tightest asymptotic bounds you can for the following recurrences and provide a short explanation for your solution. you may assume that t(1)

Answers

We indicate that we have an asymptotically tight bound on the running time by using the notation big-. "Asymptotically" means that only big values of n n n are relevant.

"Tight bound" refers to the fact that we have tightly bound the running time to a constant factor above and below. If there is no lesser number that is an upper bound, the upper bound is said to be a tight upper bound, a least upper bound, or a supremum. If no higher number is a lower bound, a lower bound is often referred to as a tight lower bound, the maximum lower bound, or an infimum. An asymptotic bound on how well (how quickly, how efficiently, etc.) an algorithm can solve a problem in relation to the size of the input.

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question 10 which aspect of a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity includes these items: evaluate, create teams, establish baselines, identify and model threats, identify use cases, identify risks, establish monitoring and control requirements?

Answers

Security Program is the aspect of a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity.

What do you mean by cybersecurity?

Cybersecurity is the technique of guarding against digital attacks on systems, networks, and programmes. These cyberattacks are typically intended to gain access to, change, or delete sensitive information; extort money from users; or disrupt normal corporate activities. Implementing effective cybersecurity measures is especially difficult today due to the fact that there are more devices than people, and attackers are becoming more creative.

A cyber security programme is a written record of your company's information security policies, processes, guidelines, and standards. Your security programme should lay out a strategy for implementing effective security management procedures and controls.

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if the beq $6, $7, exit instruction is fetched from memory address 0x40000008, what address will the pc register contain when this branch instruction is in the decode stage?

Answers

Branch conditions are discovered during the pipeline's decode phase. The target address in a branch instruction is unknown until the instruction's execute phase.

The CPU can detect what instruction needs to be executed through the decoding process, which also enables it to determine how many operands it needs to fetch in order to execute the instruction. For the subsequent steps, the memory-fetched opcode is decoded and relocated to the relevant registers. Decode stage logic causes the multiplexers to choose the most recent data by comparing the registers written by instructions in the execute and access stages of the pipeline to the registers read by the instruction in the decode stage.

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Select ALL the benefits of using RGB color mode:

Easy to manipulate color on a computer screen


Offset printing processors


Offers the widest range of colors


Can easily be converted to CMYK

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

1) Easy to manipulate color on a computer screen

2) Offers the widest range of colors

3) Can easily be converted to CMYK

programming challenge description: when data is imported into any software environment, there is a risk of introducing bad or invalid data. an essential step before doing any data analysis is to first validate the data to be used. this can save time and avoid problems later. imagine a data science team investigating forest fires in the tropical forests of the amazon. they have two datasets in csv format: the first dataset represents the gathered statistics of forest fires by the month and year for different states in brazil the second dataset has a summary of the total number of fires per year across the entire country write a program to validate the first dataset using the summary data from the second. input: two datasets in csv format separated by one empty line. the first dataset has the following columns: year - the year when forest fires happened state - brazilian state month - the month when forest fires happened number - the number of reported fires in that year, state, and month the second dataset has the following columns: year - the year when forest fires happened number - the total number of reported fires in that year

Answers

In this one-day competition, teams of up to two students must work together to solve a number of tasks throughout the course of the two-hour tournament.

For each task that is correctly solved, points will be given to each team. Writing computer program source code that can solve given issues is the goal of competitive programming. The great majority of the issues that arise in programming competitions are logical or mathematical in character. The main difficulties include distraction, debugging, and a variety of capabilities. First of all, everyone who teaches programming will tell you that the most commonly used statement in the classroom is "my program is not working." Yes, our work becomes more effective the more code problems you solve.

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When game designers begin to deconstruct a game, they begin to understand the design process a bit more thoroughly. Which of the following is not part of the game deconstruction process? Question 1 options: Evaluating how the audience interacts with the game Experimenting with the game by testing it first Finding out what elements are present Learning how the elements work together inside the game

Answers

When game designers begin to deconstruct a game, the option that is not part of the game deconstruction process is option B: Experimenting with the game by testing it first.

What is a Game Deconstruction?

Deconstruction doesn't technically mean "demolition"; rather, it refers to "breaking down" or "analyzing" something (particularly the words in a work of fiction or nonfiction) to determine its ultimate significance, which is allegedly nearly never exactly what the creator intended.

A typical deconstruction procedure starts by removing the building's windows, doors, appliances, and finishes, many of which can be recycled or sold again. The building is then taken apart, typically starting at the top and working down to the foundations.

Therefore, A "deconstruction" in games is a process that broadly refers to applying a rigorous, critical, and analytical examination to a work of media or art, frequently by disassembling it to better understand its constituent elements and how they interact.

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write a python program that has the function "draw_hexagon()" that draws a hexagon. use loops in your function and remember to call it

Answers

In this exercise we have to use the knowledge of computational language in python to write a code that program that has the function "draw_hexagon()" that draws a hexagon.

Writting the code:

import turtle as t

def how_many():

   while True:  

       print "  How many of then do you want to draw?"

       print "  -Range is from 1 to 5-"

       global shape_no

       shape_no = raw_input('  Enter your choice: ')

       try:

           shape_no = int(shape_no)

           if (1 <= shape_no <= 5):

               print "Your number is ok"

               break

           else:

               print

               print "from 1 to 5 only"

       except:

           print "Only numbers allowed - Please try again"

   return True

def start_point():

   t.penup()

   t.setpos(-240,0)

   t.pendown()

def draw_hexagon(howmanyof):

   start_point()

   for a in range(howmanyof):

       for a in range(6):

           t.forward(50)

           t.left(60)

       t.penup()

       t.forward(110)

       t.pendown()

def main():

   while True:

       print

       print "  Draw a Shape"

       print "  ============"

       print

       print "   Draw a hexagon"

       print

       print "  X - Exit"

       print

       choice = raw_input('  Enter your choice: ')

       if (choice == 'x') or (choice == 'X'):

           break

       elif choice == '1':

           how_many()

           draw_square(shape_no)

       elif choice == '2':

           how_many()

           draw_triangle(shape_no)

       elif choice == '3':

           how_many()

           draw_rectangle(shape_no)

       elif choice == '4':

           how_many()

           draw_hexagon(shape_no)

       elif choice == '5':

           how_many()

           draw_octagon(shape_no)

       elif choice == '6':

           how_many()

           draw_circle(shape_no)

       else:

           print

           print '  Try again'

           print

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the reason for not allowing users to install new hardware or software without the knowledge of security administrators is:

Answers

The risk is that they unintentionally install a backdoor into the network in addition to the hardware or software.

A computer security concept known as the principle of least privilege (POLP) restricts users' access permissions to only those that are absolutely necessary for them to do their duties. Users are only allowed to read, write, or execute the files or resources they need in order to complete their tasks. Installing a software firewall on your computer might help shield it from unapproved data incoming and exiting. A software firewall will only shield the computer it is installed on. Many antivirus scanners also come with a software firewall.

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upon conducting a visual inspection of the server room, you see that a switch displays led collision lights that are continually lit. you check the led on the corresponding workstation and see that it is flashing rapidly even though it is not sending or receiving network traffic at that time.

Answers

A router connects different networks and routes traffic between them. The network number or network address is a distinctive identifier used to identify each network connected by a router.

The physical topology for LANs that is most commonly used is star topology. ARCNET introduced the star, and Ethernet later adopted it. An Ethernet crossover cable is a type of twisted pair Ethernet cable used to connect computing devices that would typically be connected via a network switch, Ethernet hub, or router, such as directly connecting two personal computers via their network adapters. Each node is connected directly to a central device such as a hub or a switch.

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you are troubleshooting a computer that your client said turns off during normal operation. while you are trying to identify the problem, the client also informs you that if he waits a while, the computer will turn back on and run normally for a bit. you open the system and immediately notice a large dust buildup around the processor fan and heat sink. what problem can you detect on the computer and confidently report to your client?

Answers

System is Overheating is the problem that can we detect on the computer and confidently report to our client.

System is Overheating may result from any unintentional circuit defect (such as a short circuit or spark gap), as well as from improper design or manufacturing (such as the lack of a proper heat dissipation system). The system finds an equilibrium between heat accumulation and heat loss as a result of heat accumulation.

Even a brand-new computer will heat up when memory-intensive operations overwhelm the processor. PCs often run hotter as they get older. When the PC's internal cooling system is unable to adequately ventilate the hot air produced by the electrical components utilized in computer processing, system is overheating results.

Device is a short circuit or spark gap are examples of unintended circuit defects that can cause overheating. Other causes include poor design or manufacturing (such as the lack of a proper heat dissipation system). The system achieves balance between heat loss as a result of heat accumulation and heat gain.

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7.25x4.5 show work please

Answers

The above is a multiplication problem. The answer to the multiplication problem above is; 32.625 or 325/8. See the explanation below.

What is multiplication?

A product in mathematics is the outcome of multiplication or an expression that identifies the things to be multiplied, known as factors. For instance, 60 is the sum of 6 and 10.

In mathematics, multiplication is defined as continually adding a number with regard to another integer. For example, multiplying 2 by 3 means that 3 is added to itself twice, resulting in 4 + 3 = 7. This is an easy method for children to multiply numbers.

Hence the solution to the above is;

Given:

7.25 x 4.5

Convert to fractions
29/4 * 9/2

4 cancels our each other

= (29 x 9) / (4 x2)

= 261/8

= 32 5/8

or 32.625

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Write a program that inputs the length of two pieces of wood in yards and feet (as whole numbers) and prints the total.

Hint: Change all of the inputs into feet first - remember there are 3 feet in each yard. Now that the wood is in feet, find the yards and feet similarly to the last practice, using regular and modular division.

Answers

The program will be:

yard1 = int(input("Enter the Yards: "))

feet1 = int(input("Enter the Feet: "))

yard2 = int(input("Enter the Yards: "))

feet2 = int(input("Enter the Feet: "))

#For the first step you need to convert the yard to feet.

wood1 = (yard1 * 3) + feet1

print(wood1)

wood2 = (yard2 * 3) + feet2

print(wood2)

yard3 = ((wood1+wood2) // 3) #total feet converted to Yards

feet3 = ((wood1+wood2) % 3)#This is the remainder of feet.

print("Yards: " + str(yard3) + " Feet: " + str(feet3))

What is a program?

A computer program is a set of instructions written using a programming language and executable by a computer. Software contains computer program as well as documentation and other intangible components.

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a hacker has discovered a system vulnerability and proceeds to exploit it to gain access to the system. the vulnerability is not yet known to the developer so no fix is available. what type of attack is this?

Answers

Vulnerability - This is an example of a zero-day attack.

What is vulnerability?
Vulnerabilities
are weaknesses in a computer system that reduce its overall security. Vulnerabilities might be flaws in the hardware itself or the software that uses it. A malicious actors, such as an attacker, can use vulnerabilities to breach privilege restrictions and carry out illegal actions on a computer system. An attacker needs at least one tool or technique that really can connect to a system flaw in order to exploit a vulnerability. In this context, the attack surface is another name for vulnerabilities. Discover all assets, prioritise assets, assess or do a full vulnerability scan, report on results, fix vulnerabilities, confirm remediation, and repeat are all frequent steps in the cyclical practise of vulnerability management.

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What type of programming structure is a named component that stores a single value and can be updated anytime.

Answers

Answer:

A variable

Explanation:

A variable is a named "object" that can store a single value and can be updated. Hence the name "variable"

suppose that a tcp sender is sending segments with 200 bytes of payload. it sends 5 segments with sequence number 100, 300, 500, 700, and 900. suppose the segment with sequence number 500 is lost. what are the ack values that the receiver returns to the sender after each of the 4 received segments are received?

Answers

We can record analytics data from our Python code using Segment's Python library. Segment routes our data to any analytics provider we enable on our destinations page after the requests reach its servers.

We can access this library's open-source code on GitHub. Python also has the ability to return a portion of a list starting at the end. To accomplish this, simply place a negative sign (-) before the necessary numbers in the slice command. A source is anything that can feed data into a segment, such as a website, server library, mobile SDK, or cloud application. Data segmentation is the process of taking the data you already have and breaking it up into groups of related data based on the selected parameters so you can use it more effectively in operations and marketing.

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a video conferencing application isn't working due to a domain name system (dns) port error. which record requires modification to fix the issue? multiple choice, shuffle

Answers

A record which requires modification to fix the issue is: d) Service Record (SRV).

What is a DNS server?

A DNS server can be defined as a type of server that is designed and developed to translate domain names into IP addresses, so as to allow end users access websites and other internet resources through a web browser.

This ultimately implies that, a DNS server refers to a type of server that is typically used in computer networking to translate requests for domain names into IP addresses, by pointing a domain name to a web server.

What is SRV?

SRV is an abbreviation for Service Record and it can be defined as a series of data records which is designed and developed to stipulate specifications of the DNS server (DNS) of well-defined (cataloged) services servers such as the following:

Port numbersServersInternet protocol (IP) addresses.Host namePriority and weight.

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Complete Question:

A video conferencing application isn't working due to a Domain Name System (DNS) port error. Which record requires modification to fix the issue?

a) Host(A)

b) Text(TXT)

c) Canonical Name(CNAME)

d) Service Record(SRV)

is a component of the relational data model included to specify business rules to maintain the integrity of data when they are manipulated. business rule constraint data integrity business integrity data structure

Answers

Data integrity is a component of the relational data model included to specify business rules to maintain the integrity of data when they are manipulated.

What is data?

Data simply refers to a representation of factual instructions (information) in a formalized and structured manner, especially as a series of binary digits (bits) or strings that are used on computer systems in a company.

What is the C-I-A security triad?

The C-I-A security triad is an abbreviation for confidentiality, integrity, and availability. In Computer technology, the C-I-A security triad can be defined as a cybersecurity model that is designed and developed to guide security policies for information security in a business firm, in order to effectively and efficiently protect and make their data available to all authorized end users.

In this context, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that data integrity is an essential part of any relational data model.

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Complete Question:

________ is a component of the relational data model included to specify business rules to maintain the integrity of data when they are manipulated.

(A) Business integrity

(B) Data structure

(C) Business rule constraint

(D) Data integrity

Answer the following question please! (Explanation will be greatly appreciated)!!

Answers

The c program that stores the values -2, 3 and 5 in the variables a, b and c and displays the possible roots on separate lines is constructed throughout the answer.

What is the c program that models the given situation?

The first step to the problem is storing the values  -2, 3 and 5 in the variables a, b and c, done as follows:

int main(){

int a = -2;

int b = 3;

int c = 5;

Then we declare the roots, which could be decimal, as double.

double root1;

double root2;

Then we calculate the roots, as follows: (due to the sqrt function, library math.h has to be included, with command #include <math.h> before the main).

root1 = (-b - sqrt(b*b - 4*a*c))/(2*a);

root2 = (-b + sqrt(b*b - 4*a*c))/(2*a);

Then the values are printed as follows:

printf("Root 1: %lf\n", root1);

printf("Root 2: %lf", root2);

The \n command guarantees that they are printed on different lines.

At the end, we close the main, as follows:

return 1;

}

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an organization is planning to deploy an e-commerce site hosted on a web farm. it administrators have identified a list of security controls they say will provide the best protection for this project. management is now reviewing the list and removing any security controls that do not align with the organization's mission. what is this called?

Answers

It is called security management. All facets of risk management for an organization's assets, including computers, people, buildings, and other assets, are covered by security management.

All facets of risk management for an organization's assets, including computers, people, buildings, and other assets, are covered by security management. In order to protect these assets, policies and procedures must be created, put into effect, and maintained over time. This is the first step in a security management plan.

In the sections below, we go through the definition of security management for enterprises, different forms of security management, and security management factors to take into account when selecting a cyber security solution.

In order to protect these assets, policies and procedures must be created, put into effect, and maintained over time.

An organization's cybersecurity strategy should have a solid foundation thanks to security management practices. Data classification, risk management, and threat detection and response will all make use of the information and procedures that were built as part of the security management processes.

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What does the principle of least privilege state?

A. A user or program should have unrestricted access to the entire system.
B. A user or program should not have any privileges at all.
C. A user or program should be granted remote access to all programs.
D. A user or program should have the least privileges that are necessary for them to work.

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

A user or program should have the least privileges that are necessary for them to work.

Which component is responsible for reformatting print jobs so that the printer can understand and process them?.

Answers

Print driver is responsible for reformatting print jobs so that the printer can understand and process them.

What is printer?

A printer is a computer accessory that makes a permanent reproduction of graphics or text, generally on paper. While most output is human-readable, bar code printers are an example of a printer's expanded application. Printers are classified into three types: 3D printers, inkjet printers, laser printers, and thermal printers. In the nineteenth century, Charles Babbage created a mechanically driven apparatus for his difference engine; nevertheless, his mechanical printer concept was not realised until 2000.

A printer driver, also known as a print processor, is software that on a computer translates the data to be printed into a format that a printer can understand. Printer drivers enable apps to print without having to understand the technical intricacies of each printer model.

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you are in the process of configuring an iscsi storage area network (san) for your network. you want to configure a windows server system to connect to an iscsi target defined on a different server system. you also need to define iscsi security settings, including chap and ipsec. which tool should you use?

Answers

iSCSI initiator is the tool

What is iSCSI initiator ?

              In computer data storage, a SCSI initiator is the endpoint that initiates a SCSI session, that is, sends a SCSI command. The initiator usually does not provide any Logical Unit Numbers. A host computer can transport data to an external iSCSI-based storage array using an Ethernet network adapter across an IP network by using an Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) initiator, which can be either software or hardware. For data transmission to the storage device, also referred to as an iSCSI target, the iSCSI initiator creates the input/output (I/O) command sequence.

            Hardware-based iSCSI initiators are much less frequent than software-based ones. The Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) I/O command set is mapped to TCP/IP for usage by the iSCSI storage system by a software iSCSI initiator, which is often a component of the server operating system. A dedicated host-based network interface card (NIC) with resources built-in to handle the iSCSI and TCP/IP processing tasks is referred to as a hardware iSCSI initiator. Because servers now have more potent computing cores, they no longer require a NIC-based TCP/IP offload engine (TOE). When a server is booted from a local disc, a hardware iSCSI initiator may still be beneficial for data protection or security if the card includes built-in encryption capabilities.

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The tool that will be utilized is the iSCSI Initiator, which is based on the scenario that was explained previously. Remember that it normally serves as the iSCSI client.

What is storage area network?A computer network that enables access to consolidated, block-level data storage is known as a storage area network (SAN) or storage network. SANs are mostly used to connect servers to data storage devices like disk arrays and tape libraries so that the operating system sees them as direct-attached storage. An independent, dedicated high-speed network called a storage area network (SAN) links and distributes shared pools of storage devices to numerous servers. Each server has access to shared storage just like a drive that is physically connected to the server.The tool that will be utilized is the iSCSI Initiator, which is based on the scenario that was explained previously. Remember that it normally serves as the iSCSI client.The network's iSCSI storage area network (SAN) can be set up using the Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) initiator. Commands may be transmitted over an IP network by use of the iSCSI Initiator. The iSCSI Initiator can be used to establish a connection to a specific iSCSI target.

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which of the following statements is true about firmware? which of the following statements is true about firmware? firmware is the same as cache memory. firmware cannot be changed or upgraded. firmware is another name for linux. the software is not coded like other software. users do not need to load firmware into a device's memory.

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The true statement about firmware is that users do not need to load firmware into a device's memory.

Firmware is a particular type of computer software that in computers controls the hardware at the lowest level. The basic functionalities of a device may be contained in firmware, such as the BIOS of a personal computer, which may also offer hardware abstraction services to higher-level software, such operating systems.

Firmware can serve as the entire operating system for simpler devices, handling all control, monitoring, and data manipulation tasks. Embedded systems (running embedded software), home and personal appliances, computers, and computer peripherals are typical examples of gadgets that contain firmware.

Non-volatile memory systems like ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, and Flash memory store firmware. Firmware updates necessitate the actual replacement of ROM integrated circuits or the reprogramming of EPROM or flash memory using a unique technique.

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a(n) document contains the text for a web page interspersed with coding for how to display text and any additional visual or auditory elements.

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A source document contains the text for a web page interperse with coding for how to display text and other additional visual or auditory elements.  Hence, the correct fill-in-the-blank option to this question is "Source".

The source document contains the text for a web page and also has coding for displaying that text and other visual or auditory elements of a web page in the web browser. The source document of a web page contains the coding text mostly in HTML form that is interpreted by a web browser. And, the web browser displays what has been written in that source document to the client. Source documents not only contain HTML code but also contain other scripting language code such as PHP,  Javascript, Bootstrap etc.

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"a(n) _____________ document contains the text for a web page interspersed with coding for how to display text and any additional visual or auditory elements."

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