Lithium has two naturally occurring isotopes, 6Li (abundance 7%) and 7Li
(abundance 93%). Calculate the relative atomic mass of lithium, giving your
answer to 2 decimal places.

The ratio of the number of chlorine gas molecules in the first excited vibrational state to the number of molecules in the ground state at 298k is calculated to be 0.067.

The formula to calculate this ratio can be given as;

[tex]N_{1} / N_{0}[/tex] = [tex]exp (-\frac{hvc}{k_{B}T } )[/tex]

In this equation;

h represents the Planck's constant whose value equals 6.626 × 10^-34 Js

v represents the vibrational frequency

c represents the speed of light which is equal to 2.998 × 10^10 cm s^-1

[tex]k_{B}[/tex] means the Boltzmann constant which is equal to 1.381 × 10^-23 JK^-1

T is equal to 298 K

substituting these values in the above equations;

[tex]N_{1} / N_{0}[/tex] = exp {- (6.626 × 10^-34) (559.7) (2.998 × 10^10) ÷ (1.381 × 10^-23) (298K)}

[tex]N_{1} / N_{0}[/tex] = 0.067

Therefore, the ratio of the number of chlorine gas molecules in the first excited vibrational state to the number of molecules in the ground state at 298k is equal to 0.067.

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1. Physical change

In a physical change the appearance or form of the matter changes but the kind of matter in the substance does not. However in a chemical change, the kind of matter changes and at least one new substance with new properties is formed.

2. Chemical change

A chemical change is a change of materials into another, new materials with different properties and one or more than one new substances are formed. It results when a substance combines with another to form a new substance.

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Frequency of light that will create photoelectrons with a KE of 1.88 eV is 1.54 × [tex]10^{15}[/tex].

The frequency of a repeating event is the number of occurrences per unit of time. It is also known as temporal frequency to distinguish it from spatial frequency and ordinary frequency to distinguish it from angular frequency.

Frequency is defined as the number of waves that pass through a fixed point in one unit of time; it is also defined as the number of cycles or vibrations that a body in periodic motion goes through in one unit of time. The number of periods or cycles per second is defined as frequency. The hertz is the SI frequency unit (Hz). A hertz is one cycle per second.

Kinetic energy of photoelectrons = Planks constant × frequency - work function

KE =  h ×f - Ф (h = planks constant = 6.62610 × [tex]10^{-34}[/tex]

1.88 + Ф = h × f

1.88 + 4.50 = h × f

f = 1.54 × [tex]10^{15}[/tex]

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An engineer might need to consider this when designing a heating/cooling system for a home in a cooler climate are Operating Environment, Size Matters, Available Power, and Filtration.

The design might differ for a house found in a warmer climate as the inside environment of buildings will be impacted by a warmer climate, which will also impair the longevity of building materials. A larger requirement for cooling will result from hotter summers. The word "HVAC" refers to the many systems that are employed in both residential and commercial structures for the purpose of heating, cooling, and transferring air between indoor and outdoor areas.

These are the systems that keep you cozy and toasty during the winter and cool and energized during the summer. The three essential elements of heating and cooling systems are a source of hot or cold air, a device for transferring the heated or cooled air into your living space, and a way to control the temperature in your home.

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Answer:

Density = mass/volume (g/cm³)

First find the volume of the stone by subtracting the readings of the measuring cylinder.

Each unit is 4 ml. Take the reading where the lowest point of the curve of the liquid sits.

The first measuring cylinder reading is 24 ml.

The second measuring cylinder reading is 60 ml.

Volume of stone = 60 - 24 = 36 ml

Make sure the units are appropriate. Convert when necessary. ml and cm³ are the same so there is no need to convert. (36 ml = 36 cm³)

Density = 40/36 = 1.11 g/cm³

The volume of gas that is CO2 generated when 58.0 L of oxygen reacts at STP is 38.67 L.

At STP, Temperature is 0°C and Pressure is 1 atm. So in this condition the one mole of gas will occupy  a volume of 22.4 L.

Since the given equation goes to completion as given in the question, the balanced chemical equation will be:

              CH₃CH₂OH  + 3O₂  ⇒ 2CO₂ + 3H₂O

From this we can calculate the mole ratio O2 to Co2 and that is 3:2.

From this we can find the volume of Co2,

Volume of CO₂ = 58  × ²/₃

Volume of CO₂ = 38.67 L

Hence the volume of gas that is CO2 generated when 58.0 L of oxygen reacts at STP is 38.67 L.

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Answer:

Carbon trisulfide or tetracarbon trisulfide.

Explanation:

I don't know if this compound actually exists.  The C is carbon and the S is sulfur.  The carbon retains its name and is in first position in the name.  A compound of sulfur is given the nickname "sulfide."  The number of S atoms needs to be identified using the latin prefix "tri."  The number of C atoms is often not identified in chemical naming, based on the irritating assumption that anyone looking at the three sulfurs would be able to determine that 3 carbons are necessary.  But that is often not obvious, as in this case.  So I prefer adding the latin prefix for 4 (tetra-) for the sulfur, to make it tetrasulfur trisulfice.  {Try fitting that into a bottle}.

Answer:

avg is 85.4678 atomic mass unit

Answer:

Unbalanced forces affect motion of objects by causing them to accelerate, decelerate or change direction.

According to the question ,[tex]10^{80}[/tex]  protons create a galaxy.

1.67262 1027 kg, or 1,836 times the mass of an electron, is the rest mass of the proton, a stable subatomic particle with a positive charge that is equivalent to one electron's charge.

One down quark and two up quarks make up protons. Two down quarks and one up quark make up neutrons. One of the four fundamental forces, the "strong nuclear force," keeps the nucleus together (gravity and electromagnetism are two others).

The amount of protons in the cosmos is measured by the Eddington number , in astrophysics. Eddington estimated it to be approximately 1.571079; according to recent estimations  [tex]10^{80}[/tex].

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Eukaryotic cells are organelles with a developed nucleus. Eukaryotic cell contains a structure called cytoskeletal structure which is distinct central organelle that contains the cells genetic material DNA.

There are two type of cells based on the nucleus. If the cell is having a well developed nucleus it is called eukaryotic cells and the cell which have no developed nucleus is called prokaryotic cell.

Eukaryotic cells contains nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, mitochondria and ribosomes.

In eukaryotic cells contains a cytoskeletal structure inside cytoplasm consist of fibers, microtubules and filaments which make it strong.

The genetic material DNA is placed inside this cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton provide perfect shape to the cell and helps to stimulate the cell movement.

Therefore, the special organelle contained in eukaryotic cells which contains the genetic material DNA.

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The resulting gas pressure will be 512.08 torr.

By ideal gas law, PV = nRT

P = pressure

V = volume

n = number of mole of gas

R = gas constant

T = temperature

Using ideal gas law, P₁V₁/ T₁ = P₂V₂/ T₂

P₁= 402 torr

V₁ = 7.22 L

T₁ = 60.0°C

P₂ = ?

T₂ = 56° C

V₂ = 5.29 L

Put these values in formula, P₁V₁/ T₁ = P₂V₂/ T₂

P₂ =  P₁V₁T₂/ T₁ V₂

P₂ = 402 torr ×7.22 L ×56° C / 60.0°C ×5.29 L

P₂ = 512.08 torr

Hence, the resulting gas pressure will be 512.08 torr.

The ideal gas equation is formulated as: PV = nRT.

In this equation, P refers to the pressure of the ideal gas, V is the volume of the ideal gas, n is the overall quantity of ideal gas this is measured in terms of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature.

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Answer:

the measure of net molecular polarity, which is the magnitude of the charge Q at either end of the molecular dipole times the distance r between the charges.

Explanation:

It is a separation of charge forming a positive and a negative end of a molecule

Answer:

Density = mass÷volume (g/cm³)

= 100÷97.18

= 1.029

= 1.03 g/cm³ (3 significant figures)

Answer: 192 over 77 Ir

Explanation:

Iridiums atomic mass is 192.217 and to get 192 you would add both protons and neutrons to get the atomic mass. When writing in isotope notation, the mass goes on top.

The temperature of the ideal gas that must be heated to maintain the pressure is 703.61 K.

We need to know about the ideal gas theory to solve this problem. The ideal gas is assumed that there is no interaction between particles in a gas. It can be determined by the equation

P . V = n . R . T

where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles gas, R is the ideal gas constant (8.31 J/mol.K) and T is temperature.

From the question above, we know that

The initial condition of the sample is

V1 = 268 cm³

T1 = 18⁰ C = 291 K

P1 = 748 torr

V2 = 648 cm³

P2 = 748 torr

When the initial and final pressure is the same, we can use the ratio of temperature and volume as

V1/T1 = V2/T2

268 / 291 = 648 / T2

T2 = 703.61 K

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Using Avogadro’s law, the new volume of the gas is found to be 9.11L

Avogadro's law is a gas law that relates the volume of a gas to the amount of gas substance present. According to Avogadro's law, "equivalent volumes of all gases have the same number of molecules at the same temperature and pressure." Avogadro's law asserts that given the same temperature and pressure conditions, similar volumes of different gases contain an equal number of molecules.

Given:

V1 = 3.61L

n1 = 1.75 moles

n2 = 4.42 moles

To find:

V2 = ?

Formula:

V1/V2 = n1/n2

Calculation:

V2 = V1n2/n1

V2 = 3.61 x 4.42 / 1.75

V2 = 9.11L

Result:

The volume of the gas is found to be 9.11L

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The given molecule has only 1 rhed – region of high electron density because of presence of one triple bond.

An electron density zone might be either bonding or non-bonding. Electrons in a covalent bond between two atoms are counted as one region, whether the link is single, double, or triple (or anything in between). The amount of lone pairs on the core atom is used to count non-bonding areas.

Double and triple bonds qualify as one high electron density region. A single unpaired electron counts as one high electron density region. One can utilize any of the resonance structures for molecules or ions that have resonance structures.

A high electron density atom or group indicates that some component of the molecular structure (such as resonance or inductive effects) is transferring negative charge towards this location in the molecule.

In the given molecule, A – B ≡ C

Only one triple bond is there and no lone pairs of electrons. Hence, only 1 rhed (region of high electron density) is present within the molecule.

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Most elements' names end in the suffix -ium this practice started around the year 1800, with many elements discovered before that having a more common name however, some elements are more recently discovered and don't end in -ium because element name start with the latin name and then it give suffix to the element

The ium in helium can be thought of carrying the meaning 'derived from' with the hel part representing greek helios means sun it having being inferred that helium was present in sun atmosphere and the ium suffix is a latin suffix which forms abstract nouns, thus it is used to form chemical elements name from its naming origin

There are 81 elements that end in the suffix ium or um which is derived from the latin and it is denoted a metallic substances

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Answer-

The law of conservation of mass says that matter is not created or destroyed in a closed system. That means if we have a chemical reaction, the amount of each element must be the same in the starting materials and the products.

Hope it makes sense!

The given sample of gas if found to have a molar mass of 89.686g/mol.

For bulk quantities, the molar mass makes it possible to convert between a substance's mass and its quantity. It is determined as the total of all of the substance's atoms' standard atomic weights.

PV = nRT, where P is pressure (in atm), V is volume (in L), n is the No. of moles of gas, universal gas constant is denoted by R (0.082 Latm/molK), and T is temperature (in K), is the formula used to calculate the molar mass of a gas.

Given:

Mass of gas = 1g

P = 1atm

V = 250mL

T = 273K

To find:

Molar mass of Gas = ?

Formula:

PV = nRT

Calculations:

n = 1 x 0.25 / 0.082 x 273

n = 0.01115 mol

Mass of gas = No. of moles x molar mass

Molar mass = 1 / 0.01115

Molar mass = 89.686g/mol

Result:

The gas is found to have 89.686g/mol molar mass.

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A full valence shell's number of electrons less the amount of electrons involved in bonding equals the number of non-bonding electrons (which is 2 x the typical number of bonds). The amount of electrons not in bonds is equal to the number of lone pairs divided by two.

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The rate of reaction will reduce by a factor of ½ when the concentration of A and B is doubled and halved respectively.

The reaction rate or rate of reaction is the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs, defined as proportional to the rise in product concentration per unit time and the reduction in reactant concentration per unit time. Chemists calculate reaction rates by initiating the reaction, evaluating the concentration of the product or reactant at various time points throughout the reaction, occasionally charting the concentration as a function of the time on a graph, and then computing the alteration in concentration per unit time. The rate of reaction may be calculated by calculating the amount of product created in a given amount of time. The time period used may be determined by the rate of the reaction.

Reaction:

[tex]A + 3B \rightarrow 2C + D[/tex]

Reaction rate is given as:

Rate =  [tex]K [A][B]^2[/tex]

First order:

Rate (1) = [tex]K [A][B]^2[/tex]

When the concentrations of A and B is doubled and halved respectively:

Rate (2) = [tex]K [2A][B/2]^2[/tex]

Rate (2) = 2 [tex]\frac{K [A][B]^2}{4}[/tex]

Rate (2) = ½ [tex]K [A][B]^2[/tex]

Therefore, the rate of reaction will reduce by a factor of ½.

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Answer:

models 1,2,3,4

hope it helps

A lewis structure will usually require one or more multiple bonds if there is an atom present that Octet does not have a full after all available electrons have already been placed. the multiple bonds are formed by exchanging one lone electron pair for each new bond.

The entire number of valence electrons should be known. Step 2: Outline the molecule's skeletal structure. Step 3: Form each bond in the skeletal structure using two valence electrons. Step 4: Attempt to fill the remaining valence electrons' nonbonding positions to fulfill the atoms' octets.

The valence shell electrons in a molecule are depicted in an extremely simplified manner by a Lewis Structure. It is used to demonstrate how the electrons in a molecule are positioned around particular atoms. When two atoms are bonded together, electrons are depicted as "dots" or as a line.

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The central atom of the molecule has three electrons on its valence shell.

The valance shell electron pair repulsion theory shows us the number of electron pairs that can be found on the valance shell of the central atom of the molecule. Recall that the shape  of the molecule is determined by the number of electron pairs that can be found on the valance shell of the central atom of the molecule.

Hence, given the fact that the  molecule contains 3 atoms. It has 1 triple bond and 1 single bond, we can be able to conclude that the molecule has three electron pairs on its valance shell.

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If an acid has a pH of 2, then [H⁺] of the given acid is 100.

What is an acid?

An acid is a molecule or ion that may either donate a proton (i.e. hydrogen ion, H+) as a Brnsted-Lowry acid or establish a covalent bond with an electron pair as a Lewis acid. The proton donors, also known as Brnsted-Lowry acids, are the first type of acid. Proton donors in aqueous solutions generate the hydronium ion H3O+ and are known as Arrhenius acids. The Arrhenius hypothesis was expanded by Brnsted and Lowry to include non-aqueous solvents. A Brnsted or Arrhenius acid is often composed of a hydrogen atom coupled to a chemical structure that remains energetically advantageous following the loss of H+.

pH = log[H⁺]

[H⁺] = antilog(pH)

= 10² = 100

Hence, [H⁺] of the given acid is 100.

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HCl has a molarity of 0.010 M and is a 0.010 M solution. Since [H+] = 1 x 10-2 M, this is true. This H+ ion solution is aqueous, and its pH value is 2.

A  Lewis acid is a molecule or ion that can either contribute a proton (such as the hydrogen ion, H+) or form a covalent bond with an electron pair. The first kind of acid is the proton donor, also Brnsted-Lowry acid. Arrhenius acids are proton donors in aqueous solutions that produce the hydronium ion H3O+. Brnsted and Lowry expanded the Arrhenius hypothesis to incorporate non-aqueous solvents. A Brnsted or Arrhenius acid is frequently made up of a hydrogen atom attached to a chemical structure that continues to be energetically beneficial even after H+ is lost.

pH = log[H⁺]

[H⁺] = antilog(pH)

= 10² = 100

Hence, [H⁺] of the given acid is 100.

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Atomic level to explain these differences and similarities are existing or occurring within an atom or atoms

Atomic level is the when photon are incident in the new medium and they are absorbed by the atom or electron and then remitted or converted to internal energy and here firework are colorful and neon are orange and when the electron run to lower energy level then they emit colored light and the neon never run out electrical energy is the sole resource that is consumed

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21.0 g of hydrogen is mixed with 7.0 g of nitrogen then the maximum mass of ammonia that can be produced from this reaction is 8.51gram.

Limiting agent is reactant in a reaction which is in smallest amount, that is totally consumed when a chemical reaction is completed

The balanced reaction is

[tex]N_{2}+3H_{2}\rightleftharpoons 2NH_{3}[/tex]

moles of nitrogen= 7.0÷28=0.25

moles of hydrogen=21.0÷2.016=10.41

To know the limiting reagent we have to divide moles by stoichiometry

0.25÷1=0.25

10.41÷3=3.47

0.25 is lesser than 3.47 so Nitrogen is limiting reagent so reaction will run according this only

1 Moles of nitrogen=2 mole of ammonia

0.25 mole of nitrogen = 2×0.25=0.5 mole of ammonia

mass of ammonia= 0.5mole×Molar mass of ammonia

                             = 0.5×17.031

                                =8.51g

Thus the mass of ammonia formed is 8.51g

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The concentration of the acetic acid before titration is 0.1283m

25 ml CH_3 COOH  titrated with [tex]$0.1067 \mathrm{~m}$[/tex][tex]$\mathrm{NaOH}$[/tex] of [tex]$30.07 \mathrm{ml}$[/tex] where solution change colour, meany Equivalence point occurs. where

[tex]$$n_{\text {acid }}=n_{\text {base }}$$[/tex]

[tex]$\Rightarrow m_{\text {acid }} v_{\text {acid }}=m_{\text {base }} v_{\text {base}$[/tex]

[tex]$\left[\mathrm{CH}_3COO\mathrm{H}\right]=\frac{\left[\mathrm{NaOH}\right] \times V_{\mathrm{NaOH}}}{\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{CHOOH}}}$[/tex]

[tex]$=\frac{(0.1067 \mathrm{~m}) \times(30.07 \mathrm{~ml})}{(25 \mathrm{ml})}$[/tex]

[tex]$=\frac{3.20847}{25} \mathrm{~m}$[/tex]

[tex]$=0.1283 \mathrm{~m}$[/tex]

Acetic acid, which has the molecular formula CH3COOH, is also referred to as ethanoic acid, ethylic acid, vinegar acid, and methane carboxylic acid. As a byproduct of fermentation, acetic acid gives vinegar its distinctive smell. About 4-6% of the acetic acid in vinegar is water.

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