The components of TCA cycle are acetyl group, oxaloacetic acid, coA, citric acid etc. needed to start and terminate the TCA cycle.
What is TCA cycle and what are the components of TCA cycle?TCA cycle also called as Krebs cycle , called tricaboxylic acid, have certain amounts of water and acetyl co enzyme A to initiate.In the initiation the water and acetyle coA reacts and yields an appreciable amount of citric acid.This reaction is catalysed by enzyme citrate synthatase and a molecule of coA is released.Then the next step is isomerisation that is citrate is isomerised to isocitrate a substrate.Then comes decarbocylation, formed alfa ketoglutaric acid and then succinyl coA which is oxidised to OAA.To know more about TCA cycle:
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Explain why ecosystem diversity results in species
diversity in a healthy
biosphere
Biodiversity increases the stability of an ecosystem and contributes to the health of the biosphere. As They provide clean air, fresh water, medicines and food security. They also limit disease and stabilize the climate.
Greater biodiversity in ecosystems, species, and individuals leads to greater stability.
Climate has fostered the evolution of a diverse set of ecosystems that are adapted to handle the temperature, humidity, precipitation, and seasonal changes they are in.
Healthy ecosystems regulate the Earth's climate, filter air and water, recycle nutrients and mitigate the impact of natural disasters. Healthy ecosystems also provide a renewable supply of timber, fibre, fish and other valuable resources .
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A sample of moon rock was brought back from the latest moon mission. Scientists are eager to date this rock to see when it was formed. They will use a technique called radiometric dating. Their data is shown below. Help the scientists calculate and draw conclusions about each sample.
Potassium-40 decays into Argon-40, known as K-Ar dating. Potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.25 billion years.
Identify the number of half-lives passed after 2.5 billion years.
Explain how you came to this conclusion.
The number of half-lives passed after 2.5 billion years will be 3 half-lives.
We are aware that the challenge of attempting to date a substance is one that scientists encounter frequently. This is due to the fact that we frequently need to know the precise time period to which an item may be legitimately attributed. This has assisted us in determining the age of a great deal of the stuff we have in the modern world.
Half-life is the amount of time it takes for a sample to contain just half of the radioactive material that was originally there. We have been informed that K-Ar dating, or the decay of potassium-40 into argon-40, occurs. Potassium-40 has a 1.25 billion-year half-life. Finding the number of half-lives that have passed after 3.75 billion years is the current challenge at hand.
The number of half-lives can now be stated to be:
3.75 ×[tex]10^{6}[/tex] years/ 1.25 ×[tex]10^{6}[/tex] years
= 3 half-lives
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Miners can extract coal at Earth's surface or underground.Which type of coal mining is likely to cause more environmental damage toland and water? Explain in 3 sentences
The conventional coal fuel cycle is among the most destructive activities on earth, threatening our health, fouling our air and water, harming our land, and contributing to global warming.
There are significant environmental impacts associated with coal mining and use. It could require the removal of massive amounts of top soil, leading to erosion, loss of habitat and pollution. Coal mining causes acid mine drainage, which causes heavy metals to dissolve and seep into ground and surface water.
What is the density of a mineral which has a mass of 100 grams and a volume of 25 cm3?
a
0.25 g/cm3
b
2.5 g/cm3
c
4.0 g/cm3
d
2,500 g/cm3
C.
Density is mass divided by volume.
See details:
[tex]D=\frac{m}{v}=\frac{100}{25}=4.0[/tex]
Need an answer please
Negative electrical signal cause signals to move like a wave in the cells i.e., nerve cells thus the first statement is correct.
Nerve cells create an assortment of electrical signals to transmit and store data. As a rule, they deliver a negative potential: resting state potential (-40 to -90 mV). An activity potential transitorily nullifies the negative resting potential making the transmembrane positive.
Two mechanisms have advanced to transmit nerve signals. First, for communication between cells, the electrical signals by and large are changed over into chemical signals passed on by little flag-bearer atoms called neurotransmitters.
Second, inside cells, electrical signals are passed on along the cell layer.
Moment, for communication between cells, the electrical signals for the most part are changed over into chemical signals passed on by little courier particles called neurotransmitters.
The electrical signal transmission inside neurons is based on voltage contrasts (i.e., possibilities) that exist between the interior and the exterior of the cell.
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What is the rate of rainforest deforestation?
Answer:
Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil has hit a six-year high, the national space agency, Inpe, reports.
Some 3,988 square kilometres (1,540 square miles) of land were cleared in the region between January and June.
Last year, 3,088 square kilometres of the rainforest were destroyed during the same period.
The Amazon plays an essential role in the planet's oxygen and carbon dioxide cycles, absorbing vast amounts of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.
Environmentalists blame the increasing levels of deforestation on Brazil's right-wing president, Jair Bolsonaro, who has rolled back environmental protections.
Brazil's environment ministry said it had been forceful in fighting environmental crimes, although in a statement it failed to mention the spike in deforestation.
How can an invasive species impact a local ecosystem?A)crowding out native species B)improve ecosystem stabilityC)increasing biodiversityD)increases available habitat for native species
Invasive species can impact a local ecosystem by crowding out native species (option A), this is the case when the invasive species share the niche with native species and has the advantage of the luck of predators in that new habitat.
In your own words,How does this deforestation affect the fertility of the land?
the roots of the trees bind the topsoil altogether and it prevents the wind and water to carry away the soil. When there is deforestation the binding of the soil particles is greatly affected, and the most fertile part of the soil (the top layer) can be carried away by floods for example. This makes the soil infertile eventually leading to desertification.
Which statement describes where decomposers get the chemical elements they need for growth
Decomposers get their energy by eating dead plants or animals.
Decomposers are the one who break down decaying organisms, through the process of decomposition. Decomposers break apart complex organic materials into more essential substances like water and carbon dioxide, and simple compounds mostly nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium. These Organic matter is recycled in an ecosystem by the help of decomposers.
Hence , The last of the trophic level is occupied by decomposers, such as detritivores. They feed on dead plants and animal matter and helps in recycle of the product .
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When lava flows from volcanoes that aren't explosive, the lava forms a large, extrusive volcanic feature. What's the name for this extrusive feature?
A. Volcanic plateau
B. Epicenter
C. Lava cap
D. Basalt columns
If mitosis stopped in your body, what effects would you see most rapidly? Which tissues would
be affected later? Which cells would never be directly affected?
Answer: If mitosis stopped in your body, then you would start to have a heart attack, and every cell in your body would cease to duplicate itself therefore, you might suffer severe consequences especially because the heart would have to beat itself, and so forth. Your brain would not be directly affected or your bones, however your blood cells would be affected.
Cell division during mitosis is necessary for replacing damaged or dying cells, as well as repairing damaged or worn-out cells that occur naturally. The main mechanism behind growth is this kind of cell division.
What are the consequences if mitosis stopped in the body?Without mitosis, there wouldn't be any cell division or growth. The fact that genetic information cannot be passed on is most essential. All cell processes would be significantly impacted.
You might also suffer serious consequences, as your heart would have to beat by itself, among other things. Your bones or your brain wouldn't be immediately impacted, but your blood cells would.
Therefore, Every cell in your body would stop replicating itself if mitosis halted, which would induce a heart attack.
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TRUE or FALSE: Systole and diastole are based on the contraction
state of the atria.
Systole and diastole are based on the contraction state of the atria is referred to as a true statement.
What is Atria?
This is referred to as the two upper chambers which are present in the heart and their role is to receive blood from the veins which is then sent to the ventricles.
Systole and diastole are the terms in the circulatory system which are used to denote period of relaxation of the heart muscle such that diastole means ventricular filling while systole represents ventricular ejection which is therefore the reason why true was chosen as the correct choice.
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Systole and diastole are the contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle during its cycle. Even when the ventrile contraction is more potent and last longer than the atrial ones, the terms Systole and diastole are based on the contraction state of both, the atria and the ventrile. False.
What are systole and diastole?
Systole is the moment in which the heart contracts and sends blood. This contraction can occur in the ventricle or the atrium.
Atrial contraction precedes the ventricular one. Ventricular contraction occurs after the auricular one and is more potent and last longer.
During contraction, blood is ejected from the atrium to the ventricles. Then, from the ventricles to the arteries (pulmonary or aorta)
The systolic pressure can be measured at this point. This is the maximum pressure exerted when the heart contracts.
During diastole, the heart relaxes and lets blood enter the cavity.
When the muscles relax, new blood enters and fills first the atrium and then the ventricles again. And the cycle begins all over again.
Diastolic pressure can be measured at this point. This is the minimal pressure taken when the heart is at rest.
Usually, when talking about systole and diastole, we refer to the vetrincle.
According to this information, the statement is false.
The terms Systole and diastole are based on the contraction state of both, the atria and the ventrile.
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nucleoli are present during _____.
Nucleoli are present during interphase. The interphase stage is where cells spend the majority of their time. The nuclear envelope envelops the nucleus at this time.
What are nucleoli?The nucleolus is a spherical component of the cell's nucleus whose main job is to assemble and generate ribosomes. Additionally, ribosomal RNA genes are translated into the nucleolus.
The nucleolus is typically only visible in cells that are in the interphase. The nucleolus is seen to shrink as the cell approaches mitosis along with the condensation of chromosomes, and it eventually vanishes as RNA production ceases. The nucleus may contain one or more nucleoli, which are black, compacted areas.
Therefore, the interphase is the stage in which nucleoli are present.
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Which of the following correctly compares the sulfur isotopes 32s and 35s
The sentence that correctly compares the sulfur isotopes 32S and 35S is
32S has 16 neutrons, whereas 35S has 19 neutrons.
What are isotopes?Isotopes are two or more atom types that have a differing number of neutrons in their nuclei despite having the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei), placement in the periodic table, and chemical element. Although the chemical properties of each isotope of a given element are nearly identical, they differ in their atomic weights and physical characteristics.
The word "isotope" is derived from the Greek words isos, which means "equal," and topos, which means "place," which means "the same location." The name refers to the fact that various isotopes of the same element occupy the same spot on the periodic table.
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Which of the following is not an example of quantitative data? a. The high temperature for each day in May b. The names of chemicals found in one brand of diet soda c. The win-loss record of a tennis team since 1990 d. The average growth in height of all sophomores over a year
Answer: B: the names of chemicals found in one brand of diet soda. Quantitative means that a number should be involved in the data. All of the other options involve a number of some sort, but names do not fall into that category. Therefore, that is the answer.
An illness caused by a certain virus includes fever, rash, joint pain, red eyes, and headache.
The virus is transmitted to people by infected mosquitoes. Symptoms quickly occur within
three to twelve days after contracting the virus. There is no vaccine for this virus.
Which description best explains the reproductive cycle of this virus?
A Lytic, because the virus is transmitted by mosquitoes
B Lysogenic, because there is no way to vaccinate against it
C Lytic, because of the quick incubation time
D Lysogenic, because the virus causes a fever
Lytic, because of the quick incubation time explains the reproductive cycle of the virus.
What is lytic cycle?
One of the two viral reproduction cycles, the other being the lysogenic cycle, applies to bacterial viruses or bacteriophages. The infected cell and its membrane are destroyed as a result of the lytic cycle. Virulent phages are bacteriophages that only utilise the lytic cycle (in contrast to temperate phages).
Although the lytic cycle's final result is the generation of new phage offspring and the death of the host bacterial cell, this is a multistep process that requires careful synchronisation of physical processes and gene transcription. The phage must locate a receptive and appropriate host bacterial cell that it can adhere to. The host genome is destroyed after the introduction of phage genetic material into the cell, and the phage then uses the host cellular machinery to manufacture copies of its own genome and synthesise the structural elements. Before the host cell lyses and the phage progeny is discharged into the surrounding environment to find new target cells, new phage are assembled.
Here we can see that symptoms quickly occur within three to twelve days after contracting the virus.
Hence the correct option is C; Lytic, because of the quick incubation time
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A student decides to investigate the relationship between atmospheric pressure and weather. For eight days, the student reads
a barometer and observes the weather outside. The student records the data in a table.
Which two statements does the data best support?
Day
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Monday
Air Pressure (mmHg)
30.0
29.8
29.7
29.4
29.4
29.6
29.8
30.0
Weather
Clear and sunny
Partly cloudy and breezy
Cloudy and light wind
Rain
Scattered rain showers
Partly cloudy and windy
Clear and breezy
Mostly sunny and light wind
A. The weather will be windy when air pressure is
low.
B. The weather will change soon when air pressure
is low.
C. The weather is usually sunny when air pressure
is high.
D. The weather tends to change when air pressure
changes.
The two statements do the data best support the relationship between atmospheric pressure and weather is option C The weather is usually sunny when air pressure is high. and D The weather tends to change when the air pressure changes.
Atmospheric pressure is a trademark of climate. while a low-stress machine moves into a place, it commonly leads to cloudiness, wind, and precipitation. high-pressure structures usually cause a fair, calm climate.
Areas of excessive and occasional strain are due to ascending and descending air. As air warms it ascends, main to low pressure at the surface. As the air cools it descends, main to high strain at the surface. As temperature will increase, the air expands, and consequently the molecules of air own extra electricity. because of this, they exert greater stress on gadgets. therefore air strain will increase with the boom in temperature.
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Coal consumption harms the environment in all the following ways EXCEPT - I NEED THIS FAST FOR NEXT HOUR PLSSS
a- Mining produces new habitats.
b- It causes acid rain.
c- It destroys animal habitats.
d- It produces sulfur dioxide when burned.
Answer: ok well, When released into the atmosphere, carbon dioxide works like a blanket, warming the earth above normal limits.
Explanation: I would say d because when it’s burned it makes a heat trapping gas.. I think. But that would be my best bet
4. Background information searches are important to: (check all that apply)
Determine if our question has already been answered
Determine if there are obstacles to studying a topic
Identify various ways to effectively study the topic and assist with designing methodology
Identify gaps, disagreements, and/or inconsistencies in current knowledge
Answer:
neither they nor my father lost anything into tag questions
Which pair of words has one bone each from the axial and appendicular skeletons? Question 21 options: hyoid; cranium femur; tibia foramen; ramus patella; sternum
PLEASE NEED ANSWER HELPP!!! WILL GIVE POINTS !!!!!
The pair of words that has each bone from axial and appendicular skeleton is: cranium femur.
Cranium is the skull bone that protects the brain from any mechanical injury. It belongs to the axial skeleton. Femur is the thigh bone, It is the thickest, strongest, and longest bone of the body. It is the part of appendicular skeleton.
Axial skeleton is the composition of bones that make up the core of the body. There are a total of 80 bones in the axial skeleton. This includes the bones of the skull, ear, neck, back, and the ribcage. Whereas the appendicular skeleton comprises the bones of the hands and legs.
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List and describe the substrates and products of glycolysis
Answer:
Major Steps of Glycolysis:
Glycolysis involves a sequence of steps that can be grouped into three important reactions: phosphorylation of glucose, splitting of the six-carbon molecule into two three-carbon molecules, and the energy harvesting reactions.
Answer and Explanation: 1
The products of Glycolysis are as follows:
Pyruvic Acid
Two molecules of NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
Two molecules of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Although 4 ATP are produced, 2 ATP are spent during phosphorylation of glucose (conversion of glucose to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate), thus, there is a net gain of only 2 ATP molecules.
Nearly all of the energy that earth receives from the sun is used in photosynthesis. True or False
What is the process by which some individuals with certain traits have a greater survival and reproduction than those lacking those traits?A) Survival of the fittestB) Natural selectionC) The weak will dieD) The strong survive
Solution:
Natural selection explains how organisms in a population develop traits that allow them to survive and reproduce. Natural selection means that traits that offer an advantage will most likely be passed on to offspring; individuals with those traits have a better chance of surviving.
Then, we can conclude that the correct answer is:
B) Natural selection
"Survival of the fittest" means the survival of those organisms-
A) that can best cope with existing environmental conditions and live to reproduce
B) that live the longest
C) with the largest teeth
D) that have the greatest number of matings
E) which are the largest of the species
Answer:
the answer is A.) that can best cope with existing environmental conditions and like to reproduce
14. The scientist(s) responsible for building the first model of the DNA double helixwasA. Watson and Crick.B. Rosalind and Franklin.C. Gregor Mendel.
Who are they (people in the options)?
• Watson and Crick, = Two scientists that discovered that the DNA is double-stranded and has a unique structure.
,• Rosalind Franklin, = She used x-ray crystallography to produce an image of DNA.
,• Gregor Mendel ,= He is an Austrian monk that experimented on garden peas and formulated the now known "Mendelian Genetics".
ANSWER: A. = Rosalind Franklin despite producing a photo of DNA through x-ray crystallography failed to make a model for the DNA. Watson and Crick made the model out of Rosalind Franklin's images.
what is the net charge on the protein: glu-ala-ser-lys-val-arg-phe-ile-his at a ph value of 6.5?
The net charge on protein glu-ala-ser-lys-val-arg-phe-ile-his having pH 6.5 is 0
Out of all given amino acids all of them are triprotic except Glutamic acid, Lysine, Arginine and Histidine , hence only these amino acids participate in net charge of protein.
Writing the rest protein chain-
glu-lys-arg-his
Writing the pka value for all,
pKa for NH₃⁺ = 9.62
pKa for COO⁻ =2.34
pKa for glu =4.25
pKa for lys=2.18
pKa for arg=12.45
pKa for his= 6
Given pH= 6.5 which is greater than the pKa of his , glu ,lys and COO⁻, so all of them got deprotonated.
So, charge will be,
-1( COO⁻) +1(NH₃⁺)+1 ( NH₃⁺ of arg) - 1(COO⁻ of glu)
= 0
So, the net charge will be zero for the given sequence of amino acid of the protein.
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What are alleles? If individuals carry genes in pairs, is it possi-
ble for more than two alleles of a gene to exist?
An allele is one of at least two renditions of DNA grouping (a solitary base or a portion of bases) at a given genomic area. An individual acquires two alleles, one from each parent, for any given genomic place where such variety exists. Assuming the two alleles are something similar, the individual is homozygous for that allele.
Although individual people (and every diploid creature) can have two alleles for a given quality, numerous alleles might exist in a populace level, and various people in the populace might have various sets of these alleles.
What are the functions of Allele?
Alleles add to the organic entity's aggregate, which is the presentation of the life form. A few alleles are predominant or passive. At the point when a life form is heterozygous at a particular locus and conveys one prevailing and one latent allele, the creature will communicate the predominant aggregate.
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What are the military benefits of having colonies?
Answer: Militarily colonies could help a country project its power around the world. For example US naval bases in Hawaii and the Philippines were seen as a way that American power could extend into Asia. Ships from those bases could intervene relatively quickly in anything that happened in Asia and the Pacific.
Explanation: Please give me Brainlist Love
The military benefits of having colonies are as follows -
Colonies provide the military proper foods and raw material for there country such as grains, sugar, or tobacco.
Colonies also help the military to provide an outlet for exports of good, which also help in increased jobs. There is also low mortality and increased vaccination against diseases, and also prevents disease.
They also increases economic stabilities, and also solve the human rights violation.
Colonies also help in construction of railways, and all other basic need of population. and hence , it increases the state of living.
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George Murdoch's research indicated that which one of the following is a cultural
universal?
A.astronom
B.war
C.medicine
D.all of these
Answer:
It is option a. Astronomy
Explanation:
Allele frequency can change over time since natural selection and other
processes that drive evolution are always in play. This change over time is
called
These various variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. For instance, two alleles may occur at one specific locus, one of which codes for the cytosine base and the other for the thymine base. One copy of the human genome is inherited from each parent. We are hence referred to as diploid organisms.
What is Allele Frequency ?The relative frequency of an allele at a certain locus in a population, represented as a fraction or percentage, is known as gene frequency or allele frequency. The percentage of chromosomes in the population that carry that allele relative to the whole population or sample size is what is being discussed.
The frequency of an allele in a population is referred to as its allele frequency. It is calculated by dividing the number of gene copies by the number of times the allele occurs in the population. All the copies of every gene in a population make up the gene pool of that population.
What is Allele ?Leading textbooks on genetics and evolution define an allele as a different variation of the same sequence of nucleotides at the same location on a long DNA molecule. "The chromosomal or genomic location of a gene or any other genetic element is called a locus and alternative DNA sequences at a locus are called alleles.
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