Use the chemical equation to complete the activity.

2Cu+S→Cu2S
Copper (Cu) reacts with sulfur (S) to form copper sulfide as shown in the equation. A scientist adds 12.7 grams of Cu to 3.2 grams of S to start the reaction. In this reaction, all of the copper and all of the sulfur react. Before running the experiment, the scientist expected the products of the reaction will be a total of 15.9 grams of copper sulfide (Cu2S). In 1–2 sentences, explain the law that the scientist used to predict that the product of the reaction would be 15.9 grams of copper sulfide.

ANSWER

The number of moles of water produced is 4.54 moles

EXPLANATION

Given that:

The mass of carbon dioxide is 100g

To find the moles of water, follow the steps below

Step 1: Calculate the moles of carbon dioxide using the formula below

Recall, that the molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/ mol

Step 2: Substitute the given data into the formula in step 1

Step 3: Find the moles of water produced using a stoichiometry ratio

In the reaction above, 1 mole of CO2 is equivalent to 2 moles of H2O

Let x represent the number of moles of water

Therefore, the number of moles of water produced is 4.54 moles

An instantaneous dipole occurs when a molecule's moving electrons are briefly more concentrated in one place than another, causing the molecule to become temporarily polarized.

The correct option is True.

Dipoles refer to a separation of charges where one end of a substance has a  positive charge while the other end has a negative charge.

In chemical compounds, dipoles occur within a molecule that has covalently bonded atoms or atoms that share electrons in the covalent bond.

The dipole may be permanent dipoles or temporary dipoles.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get the number of moles

Mathematically:

We have that as:

The North star is stationary because it helped as a reference point in describing the location of a place in Bethlehem.

This is a celestial body which is characterized by the presence of gases which are mostly hydrogen and helium and are held together by its own gravity.

The origin of the North star was in the creation of the stars by God in which a small dot was left. This resulted in the dot wanting to be like other stars. The wish was the later granted and it was the Star of Bethlehem which was stationary and helped in the precise location of the place.

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Density=0.792g/ml

Volume=?

We know, Density = Mass/volume

Moles=0.5

To calculate mass, no of moles = given mass/ molar mass

Molar mass of methanol= 32

On calculating, given mass= 0.5*32 = 16g

Volume of methanol = Mass/Density

=16/0.792

=20.202 ml

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Based on the conversion factor, the number of ounces of paper an average college student uses per day is  14 ounces of paper per day

A conversion factor is a value that is used to make the conversion from one unit of measurement to another.

The conversion factor from pounds to ounces is given below as follows:

1 pound = 16 ounces

Also, the conversion factor from years to days is given below as follows:

1 year = 365 days

Hence, the ounces of paper an average college student uses per day are calculated as follows;

320 pounds = 320 * 16 ounces

320 pounds = 5120 ounces

Ounces of paper per day = 5120 / 365

Ounces of paper per day = 14 ounces per day

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Ag⁺, Fe³⁺, and Co²⁺ react with ammonia to generate the complex ion when ammonia is added to the mixture.

The following actions could be taken in order to separate the three cations:

Precipitation of the silver ion as the insoluble silver chloride salt is the initial stage in the separation of these three cations. The addition of hydrochloric acid is all that is necessary to produce this precipitate.

Ag⁺ (aq) + HCl (aq)  ⇄ AgCl (s, white) + H⁺ (aq)  .... (eq. 1)

By centrifuging the test tube and separating the supernatant, the silver can then be distinguished from the other two cations because neither iron (III) nor cobalt (II) can produce an insoluble chloride salt. The precipitate that is still in the test tube is next tested to determine if there is silver present. The silver (I) complex dissolves after the addition of ammonia first.

AgCl (s) + 2 NH₃ (aq)  ⇄ Ag(NH₃)₂⁺ (aq) + Cl⁻ (aq) ........(eq. 2)

Nitric acid will cause the ammonia, NH₃, to react with the acid, shifting the balance to the left and causing the silver ion to re-precipitate as silver chloride.

Fe³⁺ and Co2+ are both present in the supernatant that was previously decanted. The iron (III) ion forms an insoluble hydroxide and precipitates out of the solution when ammonia is added to the mixture.

Fe³⁺ (aq) + 3 NH₃ (aq) + 3 H₂O (l) ⇄  Fe(OH)₃ (s) + 3 NH₄ ⁺ (aq) ........(eq. 3)

Fe(OH)₃ is left as a solid after centrifugation and decantation, and it can be dissolved with hot hydrochloric acid. You will carry out each of the two iron (III) confirmation tests. If Fe³⁺ is present in the first, adding potassium thiocyanate solution results in a red-brown color.

Fe³⁺(aq) + SCN⁻ (aq) ⇄  Fe(SCN)₂⁺ (aq, red-brown) ........(eq. 4)

In the second test, potassium ferrocyanide, K₄[Fe(CN)₆] solution is added after adding ammonia until the solution is only marginally acidic. Prussian blue is a dye that is a solid dark blue color when iron (III) is present.

4 Fe³⁺ (aq) + 3 K₄[Fe(CN)₆] (aq) ⇄  Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃ (s, blue) + 12 K⁺ .......(eq. 5)

Some blue inks contain this chemical suspended in a solution.

A straightforward test can establish the cobalt ion's existence in the decanted supernatant solution. Hydrochloric acid is added to the basic solution to make it significantly more acidic. When potassium nitrite, KNO₂, is added, potassium hexanitritocobaltate, an insoluble yellow chemical, is created (III).

Co²⁺ (aq) + 7 NO₂⁻(aq) + 3 K⁺ (aq) + 2 H⁺ (aq) → NO (g) + H₂O (l) + K3[Co(NO2)6] (s, yellow) ........(eq. 6)

Nitric oxide, or NO, a colorless gas, is created via the reaction in Eq. 6. Nitrogen dioxide, also known as NO₂, is created when nitric oxide and oxygen in the air react. NO₂ can be seen as a red-brown gas.

2 NO (g, colorless) + O₂ (g) → 2 NO₂ (g, red-brown) ........(eq. 7)

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Step 1 - Understanding the relation between temperature and pressure

There are three main variables that can modify the state of a gas: pressure (P), volume (V) and temperature (T). When one of them is kept constant, linear relationships arise between the remaining two.

So when we keep the volume constant (isovolumetric transformation), the pressure and the temperature become directly proportional, i.e., the greater the temperature, the greater the pressure and vice-versa.

We can state it mathematically as:

Step 2 - Using the equation to solve the question

According to the given statement Mass of one atom of gold in grams is 196.78 g.

A chemical element is uniquely defined by its atoms, that are small bits of substance. An atom is made up of a core nucleus one and or more negatively charged electrons that orbit it. The positively charged, relatively hefty protons and neutrons that make it up the nucleus may be present.

Up until the 1800s, this idea of tiny, indivisible pieces of matter remained. The contemporary atomic idea was really started by the eminent chemist John Dalton (1766–1844). But his atom was like a rock-solid ball.

Molar mass is the weight in grams of one mole of an atom.

1 mole = 6.022×10²³ atoms

Molar mass of Gold (Au)

= mass of an atom × number of atoms

=3.207×10-²²×6.022×10²³

=196.78g.

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The amount of  ammonium nitrate contains 1.25 kg of nitrogen is 3571.42 gm

Percent composition tells you with the aid of mass what percent of each detail is found in a compound. A chemical compound is a mixture of or greater factors. in case you are analyzing a chemical compound, you may want to find the percentage composition of a sure detail within that chemical compound.

The percentage composition is the percentage through the mass of each detail in a compound.

The molar mass of ammonium nitrate  (NH₄NO₃) =  14 + 4 + 14 + 48 = 80 g.

percentage composition of Nitrogen = 35%

Percentage composition of Hydrogen = 5%

Percentage composition of Oxygen = 60%

35% of 80 g ammonium nitrate  (NH₄NO₃) = 80 × 35/100

                                                                        = 28 g.

∵ 28 grams of nitrogen contained in = 80 grams of ammonium nitrate  (NH₄NO₃)

1250 g of  nitrogen contained in = (80/28) × 1250 grams of ammonium nitrate  (NH₄NO₃)

                                            = 3571.42 g of ammonium nitrate  (NH₄NO₃)

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The relative atomic masses of the given elements are as follows:

Relative atomic mass is the sum of the product of the isotopic masses and the relative abundance of the isotopes of an element.

Relative atomic masses are averages.

The relative atomic masses of the given elements are calculated as follows:

1. Lead:

Relative atomic mass = (203.973 * 0.014) + (205.974 * 0.236) + (206.759 * 0.226) + (207.9766 * 0.523)

Relative atomic mass = 206.96 amu

2. Magnesium:

Relative atomic mass = (23.985 * 79.99) + (24.986 * 10%) + (25.983 * 11.01%)

Relative atomic mass = 24.62 amu

3. Silicon:

Relative atomic mass = (27.977 * 92.21%) + (28.976 * 4.70%) + (29.973 * 3.09%)

Relative atomic mass = 28.08 amu

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There are three possible values for the l and there are nine possible values for ml.

The term quantum numbers has to do with the description that shows the most probable position of the electron in an atom. We know that the orbital is a region in space, where there is a high probability of finding the electrons.

Given that the values of l must be in the range of 0 to n - l and the values of ml must be in the rang of -l to + l. we then can use this to know the  number of the possible combinations of  l and ml when n = 3.

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To calculate the mass of the product FeCl₃, we will need to do the following steps:

1 - Calculate the molar masses of Cl₂ and FeCl₃.

2 - Calculate the number of moles of Cl₂ in 5g of it.

3 - Calculate the number of moles of FeCl₃ given the stoichiometry of the reaction.

4 - Calculate the mass of FeCl₃ for the calculatd number of moles.

(we will use M for molar mass, m for mass and n for number of moles)

1 - The molar masses can be calculated using the molar masses of the elements in each compound:

2 - Now, we need to calculate the number of moles of Cl₂, so we will use the molar mass of Cl₂.

So, for the number of moles of Cl₂, we have:

3 - Now, we need to apply the stoichimetry. We can use rule of three for this.

From the balanced equation, we see that for each 3 Cl₂ that react, we will produce 2 FeCl₃.

So, we know that we actually have 0.070515...mol of Cl₂, so we use the rule of three to see how many moles we will produce of FeCl₃:

FeCl₃ --- Cl₂

2 --- 3

n --- 0.070515...mol

So, we have the equation:

And this is the number of moles of FeCl₃, so we can indicate this with the subscript:

4 - Finally, we will use now the molar mass of FeCl₃ to calculate the mass of 0.047010...mol of FeCl₃. The equation is the same as we used for Cl₂, but we will find the mass instead of the number of moles:

So, the mass is 7.6253...g, but since we started with the mass of 5g, we have only one significant figure, so if we strickly consider the number of significant figures, we need to end up with only one, so:

So, the mass that we will produce if all the 5 grams react is 7.6253...g or, approximately 8g.

I a chemical reaction, we have the reactants in the left part,followed by an arrow and then the products.

So, the reactants are the two that are in the left part of the equation:

Sodium hydroxide and Hydrochloric acid

First, you need to transform grams of NaCl into moles of NaCl. For this, you will divide by its molar mass. If you divide a fraction, If you divide a fraction, it is inverted and multiplied. So first you have:

0.75 g NaCl x 1 mol NaCl / 58.4 g/mol NaCl = 1.28 x 10^-2 moles

Now you need to use the avogrado's constant to find the number of particles. The avogrado's constant value is 6.02x10^23 mol^-1.

So you have:

0.75 g NaCl x 1 mol NaCl / 58.4 g/mol NaCl x 6.02 x 10^23 particles NaCl / 1 mol NaCl = 7.73 x 10^21 particles of NaCl

Explanation:

[tex]q = mc(t2 - t1)[/tex]

[tex]q = 40 \times 2.44 \times (60 - 50)[/tex]

[tex]q = 976 \: joules[/tex]

Enthalpy of reaction when CO(s)  reacts with Fe₂O₃(s)  is +15.5KJ.

First let us write all the reactions,

Fe₂O₃(s) + 3CO(s) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO₂(g); ΔH₁ = -28.0 kJ, Equation 1,

3Fe(s) + 4CO₂(s) → 4CO(g) + Fe₃O₄(s) ; ΔH₂ = +12.5 kJ, Equation 2,

Enthalpy of reaction of  CO(s) and Fe₃O₄(s) can be found by,

Adding the two given equation,

Fe₂O₃(s) + 3CO(s) + 3Fe(s) + 4CO₂(s) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO₂(g) + 4CO(g) + Fe₃O₄(s)

Further solving,

Fe₂O₃(s) + Fe(s) + CO₂(s) → CO(s) + Fe₃O₄(s); ΔH = ΔH₁+ΔH₂

Now, reversing the equation,

CO(s) + Fe₃O₄(s) → Fe₂O₃(s) + Fe(s) + CO₂(s); ΔH = -(ΔH₁+ΔH₂)

On reversing a reaction the sign of the Enthalpy changes,

So, the enthalpy,

ΔH = -(ΔH₁+ΔH₂)

ΔH = -(-28+12.5)KJ

ΔH = 15.5 KJ.

Hence the enthalpy of reaction is 15.5KJ.

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When two or more substances are together in the same place but are not chemically combined they form a mixture.

The word mixture is used in chemistry to denote a combination of two or more elements that conserve their original properties, which is fundamental to achieving the separation of such elements in the future.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that a mixture is a mix or combination of two or more elements that still conserve their physical and chemical properties, thereby allowing their separation through different techniques.

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Under the given conditions, the density of lead is 11000 kg/m∧3.

What is relative density?

The proportion of a substance's density to that of reference material under particular circumstances is called relative density. The standard measure for liquids and solids is often water at 4°C or another predetermined temperature. An ice cube, for instance, has a relative density of 0.91 and will float. A substance will sink if its relative density is greater than 1. Both the reference and the sample must have a specific temperature and pressure.

Let the Relative density of lead be R

The density of water is ρw

We know,

Relative density R = 11  

Density of water = 1000 kg/m∧3

Density of lead = 11 × ρwater =  11 × 1000 kg/m∧3 = 11000 kg/m∧3

Hence, the density of lead is 11000 kg/m∧3.

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​

​

Density of water, ρ

water

​

=1000 kg/m

3

=1 g/cm

3

⟹ρ

lead

​

=11.3×ρ

water

​

ρ

lead

​

(in g/cm

3

)=11.3×1

ρ

lead

​

(in g/cm

3

)=11.3 g/cm

3

And,

ρ

lead

​

(in kg/m

3

)=11.3×1000

ρ

lead

​

(in kg/m

3

)=11300 kg/m

3

Isotopes of certain radioactive elements that spontaneously emit radiation and rays from the nuclei.

Isotopes can be artificially created by bombarding a stable nucleus with charged particles using accelerators or nucleons in a nuclear reactor, or they can be created normally through the nuclear reactions of a nucleus (i.e., emission of energy in the form of of alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, and photons).

Soddy at the Glasgow University at his lab. The idea of isotopes—that elements could have more least 1 atomic weight—was first forth by English radiochemist Frederick Soddy in a public letter that appeared in the Dec. 4, 1913, issue of Nature. His formula won him the 1921 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

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The empirical formula of the glucose molecule is written as [tex]CH_{2} O[/tex].

Let us recall that glucose is the molecule that is response for the quick release of energy in the body. It is also the molecule that is first formed in the process of photosynthesis.

The term carbohydrate actually means a compound that is a hydrate of carbon and it is composed of glucose molecules. The empirical formula shows the relationship or the ratio of the atoms that could be found in a compound. We can see that we can obtain the ratio from the number of each of the atoms present.

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A piece of metal has a mass of 32.4g and has a volume of 24.9cm³, then its density is 1.301 g/cm³

Density is defined as mass of a material substance per unit of the volume. The equation for density is d = M/V, where d stands for density, M for mass, and V for volume.

Grams per cubic centimeter are a common unit of density measurement. For instance, the density of Earth is 5.51 grams per cubic centimeter, whereas the density of water is 1 gram per cubic centimeter.

Density measures how tightly a mass of matter is packed. The density of a mass depends on how tightly it is packed in relation to the volume that it takes up. A low density substance, on the other hand, has a lower mass to volume ratio.

The amount of a substance present when its density is being measured ought not to have an impact on its density, in theory. The ratio of mass to volume should be constant regardless of the size of the sample being tested.

The formula of density is

[tex]\rho ={\frac {m}{V}}[/tex]

Where,

[tex]\rho[/tex] = density

m = mass

V = volume

We have given

m = 32.4g

V = 24.9cm³

[tex]\rho[/tex] = 32.4g/24.9cm³

[tex]\rho[/tex] = 1.301 g/cm³

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Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to consider if natural gas is a clean energy source

A clean energy source is one with zero environmental pollution effects

At present, it is quite impossible for natural gas plant not not release heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere. Although this can be largely reduced as we can see in new generation plants. However,this does not move us from the point that natural gas is itself not a clean energy source due to its by-product from usage.

Hence, our answer here is NO, natural gas is not a clean source of energy

The characteristics of scientific explanation are included in the development of the atomic theory.

The development of a scientific idea always follows the scientific method. The scientific method includes the proposition of a hypothesis, the confirmation or disapproval of the initial hypothesis, and experimentation.

Dalton's primary ideas were laid aside as stronger empirical evidence developed. J.J. Thomson's experiment has given the atomic model while the nucleus and electron were discovered by the experiments of Rutherford, Geiger, and Ernest Marsden.

Since there was experimentation at certain points to confirm or disprove the propositions, therefore, there was a deep involvement of the scientific method in the development of the atomic theory.

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The answer would be parasitism.

Let's define each term.

Parasitism: A relation between organisms in which one lives as a parasite on another.

Commensalism: A type of relationship between two species of plant, animal, fungus, etc., in which one lives with, on, or in another without damage to either.

Pollution: The introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment; the act of polluting or the state of being polluted.

Under some conditions, parasitism poses a major hazard to hosts, and environmental pollution has a detrimental impact on organism health as well. The concomitant effects of contaminants and parasites on an organism's physiological homeostasis are poorly understood. The current study indicates that parasites can: I affect how pollutants are metabolized by infected hosts; (ii) interact with pollution in positive or negative ways; and (iii) cause physiological changes in hosts that were previously assumed to be caused by pollution. Fish infected with acanthocephalans have lower metal levels than uninfected hosts, according to experimental studies on the uptake and accumulation of metals by fish. For instance, Pomphorhynchus laevis lowers lead levels in fish bile, which lessens or impedes the cycling of lead in the liver and intestines, potentially lowering the amount of metals available to fish. Thus, changes in pollutant absorption and accumulation caused by parasites in various intermediate and ultimate hosts are crucial to the study of ecotoxicology. Along with these changes, there is a strong relationship between the impacts of pollutants and parasites that appears to be partly mediated by the endocrine system, which is intimately linked to the immune system in fish. Studies in the lab on eels that had been artificially infected with the swimbladder worm Anguillicola crassus have shown that harmful substances like polychlorinated biphenyls have immunosuppressive effects that make parasite infection easier. Similar to this, a decrease in anti-A. crassus antibody levels is associated with an increase in blood cortisol concentration in eels as a result of chemical exposure and infection. Additionally, parasites are capable of inducing physiological modifications that are ascribed to substances with endocrine disrupting action, for instance, the cestode Ligula intestinalis is known to inhibit roach gonad growth. Roach are the best instances of endocrine disruption in wild fish, and it is likely that this disruption may be brought on by parasites like L. intestinalis or members of the phylum Microspora in addition to chemical action.

Thanks,
Eddie

Answer:

the answer is parasitism

Answer:

[tex]Fe(NO_3)_3 (aq) + 3 NaOH (aq) = > Fe(OH)_3 (s) + 3NaNO_3 (aq)[/tex]
The oxidation state of the iron does not change and this is a double displacement reaction. Fe(OH)3 may decompose further into some oxyhydroxides but the equation provided is probably what the questioner is asking for

Explanation:

A scanning tunneling microscope is a type of microscope widely used both in industrial and fundamental research to obtain atomic scaled images. It is basically used for imagaing surfaces at the atomic level.

Answer:

The third option is correct.

Potential energy is stored energy in an object. Potential energy is the product of mass of an object, acceleration due to gravity and height of an object where it is placed.

Potential energy = mgh

m = mass of an object

g = acceleration due to gravity

h =  height of an object

The S.I. unit of potential energy is joule and is represented by J.

Kinetic energy is energy of an object due to its movement. Kinetic energy is the product of mass of an object and velocity of an object shown by :-

Kinetic energy = 1/2 mv²

m = mass of an object

v = velocity of an object

The S.I. unit of kinetic energy is joule and is represented by J.

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