The statement that supports the idea that anaerobic respiration existed prior to aerobic respiration in the history of our planet is: (2) The early atmosphere was high in CO₂ and low in O₂ so until photosynthesis could produce large amounts of oxygen, organism had to use anaerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration is the process of releasing energy by the breakdown of glucose but without the involvement of oxygen. This process synthesizes less energy than the aerobic respiration. However, the organism in the early earth were adapted to such environment of high carbon dioxide and therefore could perform anaerobic respiration.
Photosynthesis is the process of synthesizing one's own food. This process releases oxygen and is performed by aerobic organisms like plants, algae, etc.
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the mineral which helps maintain fluid balance, transmits nerve impulses, participates in muscle contraction, and helps transport some nutrients across cell membranes is
Answer:
The answer would be sodium!
Explanation:
Sodium.
A clay plate has a volume of 30.0cubic centimeters and a mass of 59.1grams. Calculate its density.
The density of the clay plate is 1970 kg m⁻³
the problem we are dealing with is related to density, which is the mass of a unit volume of a material substance. The formula for calculating density is d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume. Since we are provided with the volume of the clay plate which is 30.0cubic centimeters and the mass of the plate which is 59.1grams
so,V= 30 cm⁻³=3x 10-5 m and M= 59.1grams= 0.0591 kg
Therefore, the density of the plate is: M/V
=>d = 1970 kg m⁻³
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capping of is programmed to occur early in transcription through the association of capping enzymes with phosphorylated on the ctd of rna polymerase ii. please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices
The phosphorylated RNA Pol II is then recruited by the capping enzymes RNGTT, RNMT-RAM, CMTR1, and CAPAM. There is a cap structure produced by each capping enzyme next to it.
The cap's formation. The capping enzymes can add the cap on the mRNA while RNA polymerase II is producing it once this complex of RNA polymerase II and the enzymes is formed. phosphorylated is used to cure capping enzyme.
The capping enzyme belongs to the superfamily of covalent nucleotide transferases, which also contains DNA and RNA ligases.
An enzyme known as a capping enzyme (CE) is responsible for catalyzing the attachment of the 5' cap to messenger RNA molecules that are initially being produced in the cell nucleus. phosphorylated is used to cure capping enzyme.
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The locations for three genes have been added to this cartoon. For clarity, the locations have only been noted on one chromatid. The lowest frequency of crossovers would occur between genes ____ and ____.
This cartoon now includes the locations of three genes. The positions have only been noted on one chromatid for simplicity's sake. Genes a and b would cross across with the least frequency (closest together on chromosome)
One of a chromosome's two identical halves that has undergone replication in order to facilitate cell division is referred to as a chromatid. The centromere, a constrictive area of the chromosome, serves as the connection between the two "sister" chromatids.
During meiosis and mitosis, chromatin fibers are used to make chromatids. When DNA is wrapped sequentially around skeletal proteins, the structure is known as a nucleosome and is referred to as chromatin. Chromatin fibers are even more densely wrapped nucleosomes. DNA can be compressed by chromatin to fit into the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomes are made of threads of condensed chromatin.
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after studying genetic disorders, the pathophysiology student knows that which statement is true? sickle cell anemia is caused by multiple gene defects. few diseases caused by single-gene defects have been identified. diabetes mellitus is caused by a single-gene defect. the phenotype is significantly influenced by genotype.
The phenotype is significantly influenced by genotype
What is phenotype and genotype ?The term "phenotype" describes an organism's observable physical characteristics, such as its appearance, growth, and behaviour. The genotype, or collection of genes that an organism possesses, as well as environmental impacts on these genes, determine an organism's phenotype.
Modifiers that are both genetic and non-genetic may affect the phenotypic of a disease. A statistical link between genotype and phenotype predicts a physical characteristic in a person or an anomaly in a patient with a specific mutation or a collection of mutations that are related to it.Learn more about Phenotype and Genotype here:
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an astrobiologist independently samples 100 space aliens from a population of size 1000. 20% of the space aliens in the population have three or more sets of pharyngeal jaws. what is the expected number of space aliens to be sampled with three or more sets of pharyngeal jaws?
A person who researches the potential for life outside of Earth is known as an astrobiologist. Astrobiologists aim to comprehend the genesis of life and how it can endure in a wide range of settings. This frequently entails researching extreme life already existing on Earth.
Strong muscles and highly plastic teeth are features of pharyngeal jaws; by this, I mean that the morphology of the teeth can be altered in reaction to the prey items being consumed. Pharyngeal jaws do the breaking up of food, allowing the "normal" jaws to specialize in prey capture.
The following response has been produced in a straightforward, step-by-step fashion. Step: 1
Solution: Number of aliens with three or more sets of pharyngeal jaws (n = 100, p = 0.20 X). P (X = x) = "Cxp q" using the binomial distribution; where x = 0, 1, 2,..., n; "Cx = x! (n - x)!
instance. 4! = 4x3x2x1; in! = nx (n-1) x (n-2) x... x 3 x 2 x 1.
Please refer to the solution in this step for a clarification. Step: 2
E (x) = np when using the formula.
Value expected = np = 100 x 0.20 = 20
Please refer to the solution in this step for a clarification.
20 extraterrestrial aliens with three or more sets of pharyngeal jaws are anticipated to be sampled.
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you are the first to discover a sister pair of birds on two islands (a blue species and a yellow species). you are wondering which historical biogeographic process led to each species being found on a different island. which biogeographic process is this due to? group of answer choices
The biogeographic process due to which we discover a sister pair of birds on two islands (a blue species and a yellow species) is Natural selection.
What do you mean by natural selection?Natural selection is a process in which more environment-adapted organisms tend to survive and reproduce more frequently than less environment-adapted ones. It happens when a species' genotype, or genetic makeup, undergoes selective modification. Natural selection is the term used to describe varied survival rates under different natural causes.
Who defined natural selection?Natural selection was jointly discovered by Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace in 1858 (Darwin & Wallace), but Darwin is credited as being the theory's primary proponent and is best known for his book On the Origin of Species (Darwin 1859).
Thus from above conclusion we can say that the biogeographic process due to which we discover a sister pair of birds on two islands (a blue species and a yellow species) is Natural selection.
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Would you consider a soft drink to be high in carbohydrates?
A soft drink is considered to be high in carbohydrates as it contains about 1-12% of the carbohydrate content. Only the zero-calorie products have low carbohydrate content.
What are carbohydrates?Carbohydrates are the biomolecules which are also called as sugars. These are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen elements. Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy which are broken down through cellular respiration to produce energy in the form of ATP.
The sugar content of soft drinks varies in the range between 1% to 12%. Glucose, sucrose, or fructose are generally added to the soft drinks as a natural carbohydrate sweetener. Sucrose is a disaccharide, made up of glucose and fructose molecules.
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which organism can easily adapt to changing food supply? why?
Answer:
Humans
Explanation:
I sincerely don't have any explanation
The hydrophobic tails of phospholipids keep water from passing directly through the cell membrane. How might this be beneficial for the maintenance of homeostasis in a cell?.
Because they aid in maintaining the proper level of water, the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids are helpful for maintaining homeostasis in a cell.
The capacity of an organism to maintain a steady internal environment is known as homeostasis in the area of biology. This is necessary for the organism to operate properly.A cell's cell membrane is made up of hydrophobic tails that prevent water from entering the cell directly. The cell membrane aids in preserving a stable environment for a cell to function properly by accomplishing this.Due to their hydrophobic tails, water can only enter or exit when necessary. The hydrophobic tails assist in maintaining homeostasis in this fashion byTo know more about homeostasis visit : https://brainly.com/question/3888340
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Histamine binds to the h1 g-protein-linked receptor to initiate the itchiness and airway constriction associated with an allergic response. If a mutation in the associated g-protein’s alpha subunit prevented the hydrolysis of gtp how would the allergic response change?.
Additionally, G protein mutations can result in either a loss or gain of function by inhibiting or stimulating signal transduction, which, in turn, results in the clinical phenotypes of an excess or a deficiency of hormones.
What renders the G protein's alpha subunit inactive?The alpha subunit switches its GDP for a GTP when the neurotransmitter dopamine activates the receptor. The G protein subsequently breaks down. The beta and gamma subunits are left behind when the alpha subunit, which is carrying GTP, moves away.
The state of the receptor is altered when a ligand known as an agonist stimulates it. In order to activate G alpha, GTP must be exchanged for the bound GDP after G alpha separates from the receptor and G beta-gamma. The next step for G alpha is to activate more cell molecules.
GPCR mutations can result in hereditary and acquired conditions such retinitis pigmentosa (RP), hypo- and hyperthyroidism.
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3 Most of the enzymes found in the mitocho
are involved in the reactions associated with
(1) extracting energy from nutrients
(2) storing energy in nutrients
(3) DNA production
(4) protein synthesis
Explain how exocrine glandular secretions differ.
The primary distinction between the two types is that endocrine glands discharge substances directly into the circulation, whereas exocrine glands deliver their products through a ductal system to an epithelial surface. The acinus, a small collection of cells at the start of glandular ducts, is where exocrine secretions are produced. Exocrine glands can be divided into subtypes according on how they secrete, the substance they produce, or even how they look.
What is the function of exocrine glands?
Exocrine glands provide a variety of purposes. Each has a specific role that is determined by the organ with which it is related. The production and release of compounds that help your body in some way is the primary function of all exocrine glands. They benefit your body by:
Digest of food.
ingest nutrition.
Your organs' inner lining has to be protected.
regulate your body's temperature.
your skin and hair with lubricant.
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A total of 36 molecules of atp are produced from 1 molecule of glucose as a result of.
A total of 36 molecules of ATP are produced from 1 molecule of glucose as a result of cellular respiration.
What is cellular respiration?Cellular respiration is the process by which cells obtain chemical energy by the consumption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.
The chemical energy obtained is in form of a molecule called Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The process of cellular respiration is broken down into the following:
GlycolysisKrebs cycleElectron transport chainGlycolysis breaks down glucose into products that enter the mitochondrion, if oxygen is present, for Krebs cycle and electron transport chain processes to occur.
At the end of the process, a total of 36 ATP molecules are produced by breaking down 1 molecule of glucose.
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How has bumblebees organisms evolved?
Bumblebees are thought to be descendants of hunting bees that developed a taste for honey and chose a vegetarian diet.
Bumblebees may have evolved on Earth at the same time as flowering plants during the Cretaceous period, 146-74 million years ago, but fossil evidence is scant.
How have bumblebees changed?
Bumblebees are accustomed to cold weather, so they are often seen in the cold. This indicates that they have specific adaptations. The most prominent among them is thick, fluffy hair. It's to keep you warm in cold weather. Because of these adaptations, they may also become unable to cool off in hot climates.
About 30 to 40 million years ago, the first Bumblebees invaded the giant's realm. This coincided with a period when the weather was colder, which may have resulted in larger, hairier bees.
Bumblebees looks up to Optimus as a mentor and father. They had previously worked together during the conflicts on Earth and Cybertron.
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How would your life be different if you were unable to maintain a stable internal body temperature through negative feedback ?
Changes in internal body temperature are maintained by various systems in the body that maintain balance between the body and the external environment. Homeostasis can be defined as the biological phenomena that occur within the body to resist changes within it.
Negative feedback resists changes in the body caused by changes in external conditions. Some changes may occur in your body to stabilize it.
How does the body maintain homeostasis through negative feedback? Maintaining homeostasis through negative feedback is a constant activity throughout the body. The human body regulates body temperature through a process called thermoregulation. This keeps the body temperature within a certain range even if the ambient temperature changes significantly.
Can the human body maintain normal temperature?
The human body is able to maintain a normal temperature despite large fluctuations in outside temperature. Depending on the situation, you can experience 1 or 2 changes.
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at spatial scales, north american bird populations are . at spatial scales, north american bird populations are . large, random large, clumped small, random small, regular
At large spatial scales, north american bird populations are clumped
A population is made up of every organism of a specific species that resides in a specific location. A population of organisms may be dispersed randomly, uniformly, or clumped. When a population is described as uniform, it is equally spaced, random shows uneven spacing, and clumped, it is dispersed in groups.
The main risks to bird populations in North America include habitat loss, climate change, and overexploitation of certain species. Bird distribution in North America is clumped together on a huge spatial scale due to staggering global decreases in bird populations.
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Is the measure of how close calculated or measured quantity is to its actual value
Which respiratory function describes the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the cells?.
Answer:Cellular Respiration
Explanation:
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells produce energy, and is broken down into three more steps: glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, and electron transport chain. Glycolysis requires glucose, two ATP, and NAD+, and two ADP, and produces two pyruvate, four ATPs, two NADH, and two H2O. The Kreb’s Chcle and thus the downstream electron transport chain require acetyl-CoA, one ADP, three NAD+, and one FAD, but pyruvate oxidation needs to happen prior to the Kreb’s Cycle, thus this is where the Oxygen is used and produced into two CO2.
PLEASE ANSWER THIS QUESTION ASAP THIS COUNTS A GRADE! PLEASEEEEEEEE
I put in the picture and the question is “What is the optimum temperature for the clam development?”
PLEASE use the picture to answer the question. :)
Answer:
30
Explanation:
because most clams developed at 30 degrees
which taxonomic level is used to distinguish plants?
1. division
2. function
3. kingdom
Division is taxonomic level is used to distinguish plants.
Phylum and division are two taxonomic levels that are used in the biological classification of organisms. Both phylum and division occur below kingdom and above class.
The main difference between phylum and division is that phylum is a classification level of the animal kingdom whereas division is the alternative classification level to the phylum in the kingdom plantae and fungi . Eight major division of plants can be identified as chlorophytes , bryophyte , pteridophyte, cycadophyte, ginkgophyte, pinophyte, geophyte and magnoliophyte.
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pharmacodynamics involves which of the following? a) information about main mechanisms of drug absorption b) information about unwanted effects c) information about biological barriers d) information about excretion of a drug from the organism
Pharmacodynamics involves information about unwanted effects.
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical, physiological, and molecular effects of medications on the body and involves receptor binding (including receptor sensitivity), post-receptor effects, and chemical interactions. The phrase "what a drug does to the body" is commonly used to describe it.
The relationship between dose and response, or the effects of the medicine, is better understood by combining pharmacodynamics with pharmacokinetics (what the body does to a drug or the fate of a drug within the body).
The pharmacologic response is based on how well the medicine binds to its intended target. The amount of the medicine present at the receptor site affects how the drug works.
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Pls help me with this question
In the absence of a catalyzing enzyme, the free energy of a reactant of a chemical reaction is 20
kcal/mol and the free energy of the product is 14 kcal/mol. When the catalyzing enzyme is then
added, which of the following is/are likely to be observed?
a. More reactant molecules will reach the transition state per unit time.
b. The activation energy of the reaction will increase.
c. The free energy of the reactant will be reduced.
d. The free energy of the product will increase.
e. A decrease in the rate of the reaction
Thank you!
ecosystem ecology deals with the processes that controls the transport and transformation of energy and regulates the biochemical cycling within ecosystem.
The statement 'ecosystem ecology deals with the processes that controls the transport and transformation of energy and regulate the biochemical cycling within ecosystem' is true.
Ecosystem ecology can be described as the study of the flow of energy within a specific ecosystem.
The biochemical cycling is maintained in the ecosystem by the transfer of energy through the ecological process.
The biochemicals such as water, nutrients, and minerals keep circulating between different trophic levels and between the environment.
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What is the kinetic energy theory of matter? Explain
Answer: The kinetic theory of matter (particle theory) says that all matter consists of many, very small particles which are constantly moving or in a continual state of motion. The degree to which the particles move is determined by the amount of energy they have and their relationship to other particles.
Explanation: hope this helps
light enters the eye and is converted by retinal cells into electrical signals that can be processed by the brain. this process is called . question 14 options: 1) binocular vision 2) light adaptation 3) agnosia 4) transduction
The process through which light enters the eye and is converted by retinal cells into electrical signals that can be processed by the brain is called 4) transduction.
In the field of biology, transduction can be described as the process by which the trapped light in the retina can be interpreted by the brain through the electrical signals of the nerve impulses.
In the retina, rods and cones are present which are responsible for the trapping of light. The light trapped in these parts of the brain is converted into electrical signals by the nerves present in the eye. These electrical signals are traveled to the brain through the optic nerves. The brain interprets these signals and produces vision.
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Describe the characteristics of the lobe-finned fish that are similar to those of tetrapods?
The following characteristics describes the similar characteristics between lobe fish and tetrapods:
The joints in the pectoral and pelvic fins are similar to those in tetrapod (four-limbed terrestrial vertebrate) limbs. Amphibians were the earliest tetrapod land animals, and their fins developed into legs.Additionally, in contrast to ray-finned fish, which only have one dorsal fin, they have two dorsal fins with independent bases.
How are tetrapods and fishes closely related?
Tetrapods originated from a group of early semi-aquatic creatures known as the Tetrapodomorpha, which in turn descended from ancient lobe-finned fish (sarcopterygians) in the Middle Devonian period about 390 million years ago. Their forms were intermediate between lobe-finned fishes and true four-limbed tetrapods.
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A student designed an experiment to test the hypothesis that even very cold objects like ice contain heat. The student obtained liquid air, at a temperature of -200 °C, stored in a thermally insulated flask
Under the supervision of the teacher, the student immersed a block of ice at a temperature of -12 °C in the liquid air. The temperature of the ice was measured over time.
What is the expected result of the experiment and why?
A. The ice will become colder because the extreme difference in temperature will cause the particles of ice to slow down and increase in temperature.
B. The liquid air will bol because the extreme difference in temperature will cause heat to be transferred from the ice to the liquid air and the molecules of the liquid air will begin to leave the liquid.
C. The ice will become warmer because the extreme difference in temperature will cause the particles of ice to gain kinetic energy, speed up and increase in temperature.
D. The liquid air will freeze because the extreme difference in temperature will cause heat to be transferred to the ice and the molecules of the liquid air will move slower.
Option D is correct
. The ice will become colder because the extreme difference in temperature will cause the particles of ice to slow down and increase in temperaturetemperature
What is heat transfer explain?heat transfer, any or all of several kinds asas mechanisms, that convey energy and entropy from one location to another.
Because of the extreme temperature difference, heat will be transferred from the ice to the liquid air, causing it to boil. Additionally, because they are in a thermally insulated flask, the heat transfer will continue until the temperature of both objects is equal. As a result, the temperature of liquid air increases while that of ice falls. Liquid air has a boiling point of 194.35 °C. Air that is still liquid boils as a result.Option A would have been accurate if the final phrase had read "drop in temperature," rather than "increase in temperature." Because the ice gets colder, Option C is inaccurate. Because liquid air will boil, Option D is incorrect.To learn more about Heat transfer refer
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cartilage-matrix proteoglycan has all of the following properties except: a. responsible for the flexibility and resiliency of cartilage. b. is an integral transmembrane protein. c. has reversible hydration-dehydration properties. d. has a hyaluronic acid binding domain. e. contains both n-linked and o-linked oligosaccharides.
Cartilage-matrix proteoglycan has all of the following properties except
b. is an integral transmembrane protein.
Cartilage-matrix proteoglycan
Numerous proteoglycans found in cartilage are crucial to its regular operation. These include lumican, biglycan, fibromodulin, decorin, aggrecan, and decorin. Each proteoglycan has a variety of jobs to do, all of which are controlled by the glycosaminoglycan chains and the proteins that make up its core.
One of the key elements of the ECM, proteoglycans, perform a variety of tasks in the cartilage. They act as a binding agent for water and serve as the foundation for large compressive loads.
Proteoglycans are a group of high-molecular-weight glycoproteins that are mostly present in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue (the fibrous tissue that gives support to the body structure). The extracellular matrix, which fills the spaces between cells, is largely made up of proteoglycans.
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why white substance comes out when a leaf of poinsettia is torn
Answer: That is the sap of the plant the white substance is called latex, so when it is ripped it leaks out basically
Explanation:
Sap of the plant the white substance is called latex, so when it is ripped it leaks out basically.
What are the functions of latex?Latex is found as a milky fluid found in 10% of all flowering plants (angiosperms). It is a complex emulsion that coagulates on exposure to air, consisting of proteins, alkaloids.
Moreover, latex is made from the sap of rubber trees. It is very strong and stretchy. So it is used in a lot of common household items and toys.
There are two distinctly different types of latex. Natural and synthetic. There are also two distinctly different manufacturing processes for producing latex foam.
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